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| 1 | |
Research has shown that people who are sociable, with close social ties, |
| | A) | are healthier than people who do not have close social relationships. |
| | B) | are not as healthy as people who do not have close social relationships. |
| | C) | are just as healthy as people who do not have close social relationships. |
| | D) | are more frequently ill than people who do not have close social relationships. |
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| 2 | |
In a study by David Rosenhan, he and confederates presented themselves to a psychiatric facility complaining of hearing voices. All other information given to the administrator and doctor were accurate, and no other symptoms were reported. The study showed that |
| | A) | the experimenters were revealed as frauds within one week. |
| | B) | most of the experimenters were diagnosed with schizophrenia and remained hospitalized for two to three weeks. |
| | C) | the experimenters disclosed their deception so they could be discharged. |
| | D) | the experimenters remained hospitalized for one month. |
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| 3 | |
Thomas attributes the cause of his failure experience as being due to himself, that he will fail in other areas of his life, and that this will be a life-long occurrence for him, of more failures. Thomas has _______________ of thinking. |
| | A) | a pessimistic meshing style. |
| | B) | a "down-on-yourself" explanatory style. |
| | C) | an optimistic explanatory style. |
| | D) | a pessimistic explanatory style. |
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| 4 | |
Something bad happened to Melinda, and she realized that it was not her fault, it would not spill into other areas of her life, and it was a short-term set-back. Melinda has _________________ of thinking. |
| | A) | an architectonic explanatory style. |
| | B) | a rosey-posey explanatory style. |
| | C) | a pessimistic explanatory style. |
| | D) | an optimistic explanatory style. |
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| 5 | |
Which of the following is not a potential influence on the accuracy of clinical judgments? |
| | A) | illusory correlations. |
| | B) | empathy. |
| | C) | hindsight. |
| | D) | overconfidence. |
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| 6 | |
"Ignorance is bliss" would be the flipside of |
| | A) | depressive realism. |
| | B) | a positive explanatory style. |
| | C) | a realistic explanatory style. |
| | D) | the illusion of transparency. |
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| 7 | |
A negative or pessimistic way of attributing failure to internal causes is |
| | A) | an optimistic explanatory style. |
| | B) | a negative explanatory style. |
| | C) | a failure-oriented explanatory style. |
| | D) | an unrealistic explanatory style. |
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| 8 | |
When people think of themselves as better than average and more in control of things than they you really are, this is referred to as having |
| | A) | an illusion of transparency. |
| | B) | a mirror-image perception. |
| | C) | a negative self-perception. |
| | D) | a positive illusion. |
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| 9 | |
Research regarding close relationships and happiness show that |
| | A) | single people express feeling happier than married people. |
| | B) | there is no relationship between happiness and marital status. |
| | C) | married people express feeling happier than single people. |
| | D) | married people express feeling less happy than single people. |
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| 10 | |
____________ can occur in a person when they feel excluded, unloved, and alienated from others. |
| | A) | Loneliness |
| | B) | Realistic pessimism |
| | C) | A positive illusion |
| | D) | Solitude |
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| 11 | |
When researchers compare statistical prediction against intuitive (clinical) prediction |
| | A) | statistics usually win. |
| | B) | statistics always win. |
| | C) | intuitions usually win. |
| | D) | the results indicate that they are equally good predictors of clinical disorders. |
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| 12 | |
The study of the psychological components of illness and health is referred to as |
| | A) | behavioral modification. |
| | B) | medical integration. |
| | C) | health psychology. |
| | D) | health psychopathy. |
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| 13 | |
Regarding explanatory style and illness, research shows that __________ |
| | A) | people who are pessimistic live as long as people who are optimistic. |
| | B) | people who are optimistic do not live longer than people who are pessimistic. |
| | C) | people who are optimistic live longer than people who are pessimistic |
| | D) | people who are pessimistic live longer than people who are optimistic. |
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| 14 | |
__________________ is used to help a person learn how to change their behavior and thoughts to reduce shyness, nervousness, and loneliness in social situations. |
| | A) | Electric shock |
| | B) | Sociology |
| | C) | Social readjustment |
| | D) | Social skills training |
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| 15 | |
Research results have shown that people who |
| | A) | have no close social relationships are healthier than those who have many close social relationships. |
| | B) | are social isolates are healthier than social butterflies. |
| | C) | have close social relationships are healthier than those who do not have close social relationships. |
| | D) | have close social relationships are not as healthy as people who do not have close social relationships. |
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| 16 | |
Mildly depressed people tend to |
| | A) | be worse gamblers than non-depressed people. |
| | B) | be better gamblers than non-depressed people. |
| | C) | make more accurate judgments, attributions, and predictions relative to non-depressed people. |
| | D) | make more inaccurate judgments, attributions, and predictions relative to non-depressed people. |
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| 17 | |
Depressed people are more likely than non-depressed people to exhibit |
| | A) | an optimistic explanatory style. |
| | B) | a negative explanatory style. |
| | C) | a failure-oriented explanatory style. |
| | D) | an unrealistic explanatory style. |
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| 18 | |
Depression |
| | A) | causes negative thinking. |
| | B) | results from negative thinking. |
| | C) | causes and results from negative thinking. |
| | D) | is unrelated to having negative thoughts. |
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| 19 | |
According to Martin Seligman, _______________ is one of the reasons for hopelessness, self-blame, and depression. |
| | A) | optimism |
| | B) | the decline of individualism |
| | C) | the growth of individualism |
| | D) | the growth of skepticism |
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| 20 | |
Research shows that _______________ is related to poor health. |
| | A) | depressive optimism |
| | B) | a pessimistic explanatory style |
| | C) | an optimistic explanatory style |
| | D) | a positive illusion |
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