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| 1 | |
Research has shown that people who serve as eyewitnesses to a crime |
| | A) | have a vivid memory for trivial details. |
| | B) | remember the event perfectly. |
| | C) | do not necessarily have a good memory for trivial details. |
| | D) | have had their memories refreshed through hypnosis. |
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| 2 | |
The misinformation effect is due in part to |
| | A) | open-ended questions. |
| | B) | missing essential details. |
| | C) | not incorporating misleading information. |
| | D) | suggestive questions. |
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| 3 | |
To reduce false memories and inaccuracy in eyewitness recollection during police questioning, most police now use |
| | A) | hypnotic inductions. |
| | B) | semi-structured interviews. |
| | C) | sodium pentothal "truth serum." |
| | D) | a cognitive interview procedure. |
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| 4 | |
When eyewitnesses consistently identify a suspect in multiple lineups (face, body, voice samples), they |
| | A) | are nearly always poor eyewitnesses. |
| | B) | are generally extremely confident in their identification. |
| | C) | are nearly always an accurate eyewitness. |
| | D) | usually do poorly on the witness stand. |
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| 5 | |
Jurors who are not opposed to the death penalty |
| | A) | are more likely to "hang" a jury. |
| | B) | feel that courts are too harsh on criminals. |
| | C) | are less likely to favor the prosecution. |
| | D) | are more likely to favor the prosecution. |
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| 6 | |
One reason that a judge's instructions to the jury to ignore inadmissible evidence could backfire, is due to the possible ____________ on the part of the jurors. |
| | A) | reactance. |
| | B) | priming. |
| | C) | framing. |
| | D) | anchoring. |
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| 7 | |
The testimony of people who serve as an eyewitness to a crime is |
| | A) | not always accurate. |
| | B) | always accurate. |
| | C) | not something that has an effect on the outcome of a trial. |
| | D) | foolproof. |
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| 8 | |
Research has shown that jurors |
| | A) | are fully educated about the different factors that can influence the testimony of an eyewitness to a crime. |
| | B) | always understand and consider the different factors that can influence the testimony of an eyewitness to a crime. |
| | C) | do not always understand or consider the different factors that can influence the testimony of an eyewitness to a crime. |
| | D) | do not need to be educated about the different factors that can influence the testimony of an eyewitness to a crime. |
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| 9 | |
Jurors who are authoritarian—rigid, punitive, and contemptuous of those of lower status—are |
| | A) | acquittal-prone. |
| | B) | ambivalent during deliberations. |
| | C) | lenient during deliberations. |
| | D) | conviction-prone during deliberations. |
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| 10 | |
Research has shown that the physical attractiveness of the defendant accused of a crime |
| | A) | results in lenient outcomes if the defendant is not physically attractive. |
| | B) | results in harsh outcomes if the defendant is physically attractive. |
| | C) | results in lenient outcomes if the defendant is physically attractive. |
| | D) | does not matter one way or the other. |
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| 11 | |
The results of research studies have shown that when the defendant in a trial is similar in some way to the jurors, |
| | A) | it can result in a better outcome for the defendant. |
| | B) | the results are unfavorable for the defendant. |
| | C) | it does not matter either way for the defendant. |
| | D) | the defendant is judged harshly. |
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| 12 | |
Low-authoritarian jurors, after deliberation |
| | A) | rarely change their minds. |
| | B) | become more strict. |
| | C) | are never as lenient as high authoritarian jurors. |
| | D) | become more lenient. |
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| 13 | |
Research shows that in criminal cases where there is an eyewitness, as opposed to a criminal case with out an eyewitness, the outcome of the trial is _______________. |
| | A) | more likely to result in a hung jury. |
| | B) | equally likely to result in a conviction. |
| | C) | less likely to result in a conviction. |
| | D) | more likely to result in a conviction. |
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| 14 | |
We are most at risk for false recollections made with high confidence with |
| | A) | faces of a different sex than our own. |
| | B) | faces of the same sex as our own. |
| | C) | faces of the same race as our own. |
| | D) | faces of a different race than our own. |
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| 15 | |
Research shows that jurors seem to be persuaded best when the information presented to them is |
| | A) | metaphorical. |
| | B) | presented in a poetry-type of format. |
| | C) | in a story format. |
| | D) | in a non-narrative format. |
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| 16 | |
The social psychology phenomenon of group polarization |
| | A) | can occur in a courtroom setting. |
| | B) | does not apply to a courtroom setting. |
| | C) | can not occur in a courtroom setting. |
| | D) | only occurs in a courtroom setting when there is a post-identification effect. |
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| 17 | |
Six person juries are considered |
| | A) | to be just as representative as twelve person juries. |
| | B) | to be more desirable than twelve person juries. |
| | C) | to be more representative as twelve person juries. |
| | D) | to be not as representative as twelve person juries. |
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| 18 | |
With regard to witnesses' line-up identifications, |
| | A) | quicker identifications are generally more accurate than slower identifications. |
| | B) | slower identifications are generally more accurate than quicker identifications. |
| | C) | the speed with which a witness makes an identification has no effect on accuracy. |
| | D) | the most accurate identifications take approximately 10 minutes. |
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| 19 | |
Witnesses are less likely to make a false identification of a suspect when asked to |
| | A) | make 'yes' or 'no' judgments in non-linear lineups. |
| | B) | identify a person using computerized simultaneous lineups. |
| | C) | identify a person using standard ("live") simultaneous lineups. |
| | D) | make 'yes' or 'no' judgments in sequential lineups. |
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| 20 | |
Which of the following is true? |
| | A) | Jurors can easily interpret a judge's instructions. |
| | B) | Experienced jurors' judgments do not differ from those of novice jurors. |
| | C) | A severe potential punishment for the defendant makes jurors more likely to convict. |
| | D) | Defendants are judged more harshly when the victim has suffered greatly. |
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