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| 1 | |
The term "possible selves" refers to |
| | A) | who we used to be in the past. |
| | B) | multiple personality disorder. |
| | C) | indecisiveness. |
| | D) | who we hope to be in the future and who we hope not to become. |
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| 2 | |
Cultural differences in a person's self-concept reflect |
| | A) | collectivism and individualism. |
| | B) | special collections and special individuals. |
| | C) | collectionism and institutionalization. |
| | D) | collecting and individualizing. |
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| 3 | |
How is self-esteem different from self-concept? |
| | A) | Self-esteem is not different from self-concept. |
| | B) | Self-esteem is subsumed under the idea of self-concept. |
| | C) | Self-esteem is an evaluative component of self-concept. |
| | D) | Both B and C. |
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| 4 | |
The term ______________ is used to describe when a person's confidence level moves into the realm of arrogance. |
| | A) | narcolepsy |
| | B) | narcissism |
| | C) | never-fail personality |
| | D) | nihilism |
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| 5 | |
A young child brings her finger painting home to her narcissistic parent. What will the child most likely hear? |
| | A) | "Come, get a magnet, let's put this on the refrigerator." |
| | B) | "Wow, it's beautiful." |
| | C) | "Uh, what does that have to do with me?" |
| | D) | "Let's call grandpa and tell him about your Picasso." |
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| 6 | |
In the middle of a grueling exam, a student pauses momentarily and gives herself a silent cheer: "You can do it, you can do it. You can, you can." She winds up earning an A. This would demonstrate which of the following concepts? |
| | A) | Being high in self-efficacy. |
| | B) | Having low self-efficacy. |
| | C) | Self-efficient self-talk. |
| | D) | The powers of being a cheerleader during high school. |
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| 7 | |
Julian Rotter's concept of locus of control involves |
| | A) | the location of sensory and motor control mechanisms in the brain. |
| | B) | when someone attributes an event as being something that is under their control or as being outside of their control. |
| | C) | internal externalizations. |
| | D) | when grasshoppers swarm and people go inside. |
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| 8 | |
What term, originally observed by studying dogs in an experimental situation, who appeared passive and depressed after being forbidden to escape an electric shock and did not try to escape from the shock when permitted to do so, was extrapolated and applied to humans who give up and do not try to better themselves when faced with overwhelming adversities. |
| | A) | helpless-hopeless training |
| | B) | learned hopelessness |
| | C) | human non-self-helping behavior |
| | D) | learned helplessness |
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| 9 | |
Regarding research on subjects who are presented with choices about which they can make decisions, there is evidence that shows that |
| | A) | subjects are more satisfied by having more things to choose from than fewer. |
| | B) | subjects are more satisfied after having fewer possible choices than more choices. |
| | C) | subjects are equally satisfied with an excess of choices or a dearth of choices. |
| | D) | the number of possible choices subjects were presented with had no effect on their satisfaction about the choice that they had made. |
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| 10 | |
Self-serving bias involves |
| | A) | when the ego serves as a buffer between conflicting structures. |
| | B) | when people selfishly stake their claim before anyone else does. |
| | C) | the tendency to blame oneself for personal failures and attribute successes to luck. |
| | D) | the tendency to take credit for something when succeeding, and to blame others when one has failure experiences. |
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| 11 | |
The results of research regarding rating one's self, compared to others, in numerous domains, show that people tend to |
| | A) | rate themselves more poorly than others. |
| | B) | rate themselves as being better than average compared to other people. |
| | C) | rate themselves as being equally average compared to other people. |
| | D) | do not have confidence in their ratings. |
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| 12 | |
The results from research on optimism shows that |
| | A) | people tend to be realistically optimistic. |
| | B) | people tend to be realistically pessimistic. |
| | C) | people rate themselves in a manner that is unrealistically optimistic. |
| | D) | people tend to rate themselves in a manner that is equally optimistic and pessimistic. |
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| 13 | |
At the luncheon, Steven rambled on and on about his political views, thinking everyone at the table agreed. Little did he know, they were secretly groaning and rolling their eyes. Which of the following would this describe? |
| | A) | The false uniqueness effect. |
| | B) | The fallacious fallacy. |
| | C) | The phantom agreement consensus. |
| | D) | The false consensus effect. |
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| 14 | |
The false uniqueness effect occurs when |
| | A) | a person does not have confidence in their abilities. |
| | B) | a person thinks they are overly special for being talented or performing a good deed, not realizing that they are relatively common and not so great. |
| | C) | a person has a false sense of self. |
| | D) | a person has the imposter syndrome. |
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| 15 | |
Research regarding self-serving bias has shown that displaying a self-serving bias can |
| | A) | be adaptive and protect a person from stress and negative moods. |
| | B) | never be beneficial. |
| | C) | always lead to high self-esteem. |
| | D) | always lead to low self-esteem. |
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| 16 | |
Group-serving bias involves |
| | A) | serving food to your friends and colleagues first before serving others at a convention. |
| | B) | when a group of people collectively act in a selfish manner. |
| | C) | attributing positive aspects to a group that a person is affiliated with, and negative aspects to those who are not part of a person's group. |
| | D) | self-defeating behaviors displayed in a large group of people. |
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| 17 | |
Some people engage in _______________ behavior by not trying their best, on purpose, out of fear of failure, to avoid dealing with negative feelings that might arise if they were to try their hardest and it was not good enough to succeed. |
| | A) | self-injurious |
| | B) | self-handicapping |
| | C) | self-sabotaging |
| | D) | self-defeating |
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| 18 | |
Considering that most people want others to view them in a positive light, the particular way in which we strive to view ourselves and the way in which we want others to view us pertains to our ________________. |
| | A) | self presentation |
| | B) | self preservation |
| | C) | falsifying self |
| | D) | pretending self |
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| 19 | |
Someone who speaks their mind, as opposed to being a "yes-man" would be considered |
| | A) | high in self monitoring |
| | B) | low in self monitoring |
| | C) | self-selective |
| | D) | high in monitoring management |
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| 20 | |
Self-concept refers to |
| | A) | the beginning, or conception, of thinking about oneself. |
| | B) | selfish behavior displayed due to one's views about life. |
| | C) | a person's identity. |
| | D) | conceptualizations about being alone in life. |
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