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1 | | All of the following are true regarding a normal cardiac cycle except |
| | A) | the ventricles receive 70% of the blood from the atria passively during ventricular diastole |
| | B) | the aortic valve closes when left ventricular pressure falls below aortic pressure |
| | C) | there is a point where the atrioventricular and semilunar valves are open at the same time |
| | D) | the atria and ventricles are both in diastole for a brief period of the cardiac cycle |
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2 | | The two major heart sounds are a result of |
| | A) | blood entering the atria in large volumes |
| | B) | opening and closing of heart valves |
| | C) | contraction of the myocardium |
| | D) | changes in the blood flow rate through the chambers of the heart |
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3 | | A mass of merged cells that act as a unit is called |
| | A) | smooth muscle |
| | B) | a functional syncytium |
| | C) | the sinoatrial node |
| | D) | the cardiac conduction system |
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4 | | The cells that initiate the stimulus for contraction of the heart muscle are located in the |
| | A) | sinoatrial node |
| | B) | atrioventricular node |
| | C) | Purkinje fibers |
| | D) | Bundle of His (AV Bundle) |
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5 | | Which of the following sequences correctly describes the conduction pathway of cardiac impulses? |
| | A) | SA node, AV node, Purkinje fibers, AV bundle |
| | B) | AV node, SA node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers |
| | C) | AV bundle, Purkinje fibers, AV node, SA node |
| | D) | SA node, AV node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers |
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6 | | The P wave on an ECG represents |
| | A) | atrial depolarization |
| | B) | atrial contraction |
| | C) | atrial repolarization |
| | D) | impulse transmission at the AV node |
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7 | | Ventricular repolarization is represented by the |
| | A) | PR interval |
| | B) | S wave |
| | C) | R wave |
| | D) | T wave |
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8 | | Concentrations of which of the following electrolytes have direct effects on the myocardium? |
| | A) | calcium and potassium |
| | B) | potassium and bicarbonate |
| | C) | calcium and chloride |
| | D) | sodium and chloride |
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9 | | The middle layer of arterial walls is composed of |
| | A) | endothelial tissue |
| | B) | myocardium |
| | C) | smooth muscle |
| | D) | fibrous connective tissue |
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10 | | The vessel that participates directly in the exchange of substances between body cells and the blood is the |
| | A) | arteriole |
| | B) | artery |
| | C) | capillary |
| | D) | venule |
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11 | | The amount of blood that flows into capillaries is regulated by |
| | A) | constriction and dilation of capillaries |
| | B) | arterioles |
| | C) | the amount of extracellular tissue |
| | D) | precapillary sphincters |
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12 | | Deposits of fatty materials on the inside of arterial walls are called |
| | A) | scars |
| | B) | plaques |
| | C) | stents |
| | D) | tumors |
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13 | | Plasma proteins help retain water in the blood by maintaining |
| | A) | osmotic pressure |
| | B) | hydrostatic pressure |
| | C) | a vacuum |
| | D) | filtration |
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14 | | The middle layer of the walls of veins differs from arteries in that |
| | A) | it contains less fibrous connective tissue |
| | B) | it contains less smooth muscle |
| | C) | this layer is thicker in the vein |
| | D) | it contains some striated muscle |
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15 | | Systolic pressure is the |
| | A) | lowest pressure in the arteries when the heart is relaxed |
| | B) | highest pressure in the arteries which occurs during contraction of the heart |
| | C) | pressure that forces fluid out of the capillaries into the tissue |
| | D) | pressure generated in each atria during contraction |
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16 | | Which of the following will cause blood pressure to increase? |
| | A) | a decrease in arteriole diameter |
| | B) | a decrease in stroke volume |
| | C) | increased parasympathetic activity |
| | D) | severe bleeding |
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17 | | The Frank-Starling law is related to which of the following cardiac structures? |
| | A) | interventricular septum |
| | B) | conduction system |
| | C) | muscle fibers |
| | D) | heart valves |
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18 | | The right and left ___________ veins merge to form the superior vena cava. |
| | A) | brachiocephalic |
| | B) | subclavian |
| | C) | internal carotid |
| | D) | external carotid |
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19 | | Which of the following vessels carries oxygenated blood? |
| | A) | pulmonary artery |
| | B) | pulmonary vein |
| | C) | coronary sinus |
| | D) | inferior vena cava |
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20 | | Which vessel supplies blood to the liver, stomach and spleen? |
| | A) | inferior mesenteric artery |
| | B) | renal artery |
| | C) | superior mesenteric artery |
| | D) | celiac artery |
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21 | | Tissues depend on a functional circulatory system to supply nutrients and oxygen and to remove accumulated wastes. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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22 | | The pericardial cavity contains fluid that reduces the friction produced by the motion of the heart as it contracts. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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23 | | The ventricles are the upper chambers of the heart; the atria are the lower chambers. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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24 | | When the papillary muscles contract, they pull the leaves of the mitral and tricuspid valves down into the ventricles. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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25 | | The wall of the right ventricle is thicker than that of the left ventricle. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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26 | | The skeleton of the heart is composed of dense, fibrous, connective tissue, which provides places of attachment for heart valves and muscle fibers. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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27 | | Blood is supplied to the myocardium by the coronary arteries, the first branches of the aorta. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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28 | | Most of the blood from the atria enters the ventricles during atrial contraction. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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29 | | The AV node is the pacemaker of the heart under normal conditions. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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30 | | Atrial repolarization is not seen as a separate wave on the ECG. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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31 | | Increasing temperature slows the heart rate. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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32 | | The right and left brachiocephalic arteries supply blood to the head and upper limbs. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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33 | | The superior mesenteric vein drains directly into the inferior vena cava. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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