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1 | | Surface tension in the pleural cavity is reduced by |
| | A) | the viscosity of the pleural fluid |
| | B) | creation of negative and positive electrical charges |
| | C) | the attraction of water molecules in pleural fluid |
| | D) | surfactant |
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2 | | Primary cancers of the lung usually arise in the |
| | A) | alveolar ducts |
| | B) | pleural membranes |
| | C) | bronchial epithelium |
| | D) | thoracic wall |
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3 | | The force responsible for normal expiration comes mainly from |
| | A) | contraction of intercostal muscles |
| | B) | elastic recoil of tissues in the lung and thoracic wall |
| | C) | changes in the surface tension within the alveoli |
| | D) | contraction of abdominal muscles to push the diaphragm upward |
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4 | | The air that enters and leaves the lungs during one quiet, resting respiratory cycle is called the |
| | A) | tidal volume |
| | B) | vital capacity |
| | C) | total lung capacity |
| | D) | functional residual capacity |
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5 | | The neurons most important in stimulating the diaphragm are located in the |
| | A) | dorsal respiratory group |
| | B) | ventral respiratory group |
| | C) | pontine respiratory group |
| | D) | midbrain respiratory cells |
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6 | | The respiratory areas respond to concentrations of |
| | A) | oxygen |
| | B) | carbon dioxide |
| | C) | hydroxyl groups |
| | D) | bicarbonate |
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7 | | The inflation reflex is activated by |
| | A) | stretch receptors in the bronchioles and alveoli |
| | B) | an increase in hydrogen ions |
| | C) | a decrease in oxygen saturation |
| | D) | a sudden fall in blood pressure |
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8 | | The walls of the alveoli contain |
| | A) | simple squamous epithelium |
| | B) | simple cuboidal epithelium |
| | C) | stratified squamous epithelium |
| | D) | simple columnar epithelium |
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9 | | The most abundant gas in room air is |
| | A) | water vapor |
| | B) | oxygen |
| | C) | carbon dioxide |
| | D) | nitrogen |
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10 | | Oxyhemoglobin forms when |
| | A) | oxygen levels in the tissue are low |
| | B) | oxygen dissolves in the blood plasma |
| | C) | binds to hemoglobin |
| | D) | carbon dioxide binds to hemoglobin |
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11 | | Choose the true statement regarding transport of carbon dioxide in the blood. |
| | A) | Carbaminohemoglobin is found in the plasma. |
| | B) | Conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate ions occurs primarily in the plasma. |
| | C) | Most of the carbon dioxide is dissolved in the plasma. |
| | D) | Carbon dioxide can be carried by hemoglobin. |
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12 | | Nasal conchae, found on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity, increase the surface area of nasal mucus membrane. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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13 | | Moisture is removed from air as it moves through the nasal cavity. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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14 | | The larynx conducts air in and out of the trachea, keeps foreign objects out of the trachea, and houses the vocal cords. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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15 | | The glottis is a flap-like structure that closes the larynx. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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16 | | As the branches of the bronchioles become smaller, there are fewer smooth muscle fibers in their walls. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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17 | | The right and left lungs each have three lobes: an upper, middle, and a lower lobe. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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18 | | As the diaphragm contracts, the size of the thoracic cavity increases, and pressure within the cavity decreases. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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19 | | Attraction of the pleural membranes to each other helps expand the lungs in all directions and maintain reduced pressure in the thorax compared to the atmosphere. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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20 | | Both inspiration and expiration are normally active processes. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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21 | | Contraction of the internal intercostal and abdominal muscles can squeeze higher than normal volumes of air from the lungs. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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22 | | An increase in hydrogen ion and carbon dioxide concentration will cause the respiratory rate and tidal volume to increase. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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23 | | Hyperventilation is safely used by swimmers to hold their breath while swimming. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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24 | | Gases in the alveoli must cross two layers of epithelium and a layer of fused basement membrane to reach the blood. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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25 | | There are two folds of muscle and connective tissues in the larynx called the vocal cords or folds, the inferior pair are the true vocal cords involved in speech. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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26 | | Less oxygen is released from oxyhemoglobin in an acidic environment. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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27 | | Carbon monoxide is toxic to the body because it forms a stable compound with hemoglobin. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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28 | | Why is the cartilage of the trachea shaped like a C instead of an O? |
| | A) | the aorta is directly behind it |
| | B) | so when swallowing, the esophagus can expand behind it. |
| | C) | C rings are more stable than O rings |
| | D) | the inferior vena cava is directly behind it |
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