| Androgyny | Having both male and female characteristics; unisex.
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| Anna Doyle Wheeler | An Irish feminist and utilitarian, was a utopian.
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| Ann Ferguson | Argues that we should pursue a monoandrogynous society to ensure that we are all fully human.
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| Carol Gilligan | Argues that men and women have characteristically different ways of reasoning about moral issues.
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| Gender | A person's biological sex as constructed, understood, interpreted, and institutionalized by society.
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| Gloria Steinem | Helped found Ms. Magazine and brought feminist issues to the public's attention.
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| Harriet Taylor | A utilitarian philosopher, thought nonphysiological differences between men and women were socially constructed, to the detriment of women and society in general. She was a vociferous proponent of women's suffrage.
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| Joyce Trebilcot | Holds that the androgynous society should include as many options as possible, including traditionally male types and traditionally female types.
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| Kate Millett | A contemporary American feminist, argues that patriarchy extends to all areas of life.
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| Marielouise Janssen-Jurreit | A feminist philosopher in the Marxist tradition, sees women's services involved in childbearing as the first source of "surplus value."
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| Marilyn Frye | Argues that the concepts of "masculine" and "feminine" are shaped by ideas of dominance and subordination.
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| Mary Wollstonecraft | A leading early feminist, held that males and females should be educated according to the same standards.
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| Monoandrogyny | Refers to raising girls and boys exactly the same; there are no gender roles and no concepts of masculine or feminine behavior.
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| Nancy Chodorow | Argues that the differences between men and women can be traced to the psychodynamics of the nuclear family.
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| Nel Noddings | A leading exponent of ethics of care.
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| Polyandrogyny | Refers to raising boys and girls in such a way that they are allowed to choose which gender role they wish to adopt.
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| Sandra Harding | A feminist epistemologist and philosopher of science, is noted for her feminist analysis of the metaphors of early scientists and philosophers of science.
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| Sara Ruddick | Holds that the experience of being a mother influences one's moral perceptions.
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| Sexism | Attitudes and social practices that foster rigid roles based on gender and which tend to work to the detriment of women.
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| Shulamith Firestone | Argues that new reproductive technologies could free women from oppression.
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| Simone de Beauvoir | Was a feminist existentialist who extended the discussion of feminism into all areas of intellectual endeavor.
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| Stephanie Ross | Suggests that the metaphors we use in ordinary speech can shape the way we think about women.
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| Susan Moller Okin | An important feminist analyst and critic of traditional and recent themes of justice.
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| Val Plumwood | Finds the inferiorization of women and nature to be linked and grounded in the rationalist conception of human nature and the liberal concept of the individual.
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| Virtue ethics | Ethical theories according to which what I ought to do is what the virtuous person would do; for virtue ethics, the primary question is, What kind of person ought I to be?
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| William Thompson | An English liberal, utilitarian, utopian, feminist. An economist, he argued for women's rights and the rights of workers.
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education