Paul M. Insel,
Stanford University School of Medicine
Walton T. Roth,
Stanford University School of Medicine
| tobacco | The leaves of cultivated tobacco plants prepared for smoking, chewing, or use as snuff.
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| nicotine | A poisonous, addictive substance found in tobacco and responsible for many of the effects of tobacco.
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| secondary reinforcers | Stimuli that are not necessarily pleasurable in themselves, but that are associated with other stimuli that are pleasurable.
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| cigarette tar | A brown sticky mass created when the chemical particles in tobacco smoke condense.
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| carcinogen | Any substance that causes cancer.
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| cocarcinogen | A substance that works with a carcinogen to cause cancer.
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| cerebral cortex | The outer layer of the brain, which controls complex behavior and mental activity.
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| coronary heart disease (CHD) | Cardiovascular disease caused by hardening of the arteries that supply oxygen to the heart muscle; also called coronary artery disease.
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| atherosclerosis | Cardiovascular disease caused by the deposit of fatty substances in the walls of the arteries.
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| plaque | A deposit on the inner wall of blood vessels; blood can coagulate around plaque and form a clot.
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| angina pectoris | Chest pain due to coronary heart disease.
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| myocardial infarction | A heart attack caused by the complete blockage of a main coronary artery.
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| emphysema | A disease characterized by a loss of lung tissue elasticity and breakup of the air sacs, impairing the lungs' ability to obtain oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.
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| chronic bronchitis | Recurrent, persistent inflammation of the broncial tubes.
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| sinusitis | Inflammation of the sinus cavities; symptoms include headache, fever, and pain.
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| environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) | Smoke that enters the atmosphere from the burning end of a cigarette, cigar, or pipe, as well as smoke that is exhaled by smokers; also called secondhand smoke.
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| mainstream smoke | Smoke that is inhaled by a smoker and then exhaled into the atmosphere.
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| sidestream smoke | Smoke that comes from the burning end of a cigarette, cigar, or pipe.
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education