| activation energy | the energy needed to enable a chemical reaction to take place (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 285 in your textbook.)
|
 |
|
|
| aging | the changes that bring about the decline of an organism (CHAPTER 8 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 229 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| air mass | a body of air with a certain temperature and with a certain moisture content (CHAPTER 11 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 359 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| air pressure | the weight of the atmosphere (CHAPTER 11 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 359 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| air resistance | friction caused by air (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 303 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| alpha particle | a radioactive particle made up of two protons and two neutrons bound tightly together (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 324 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| alternating current | a current in which the electrons flow first in one direction and then in the opposite direction (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 316 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| amino acids | the building blocks of proteins (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 168 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| amniocentesis | a procedure that is used to examine fetal cells to identify certain types of genetic disorders present in a fetus (CHAPTER 8 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 249 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| amniotic egg | a covering that protects and nourishes a developing embryo (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 194 in your textbook.)
|
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|
|
| asexual reproduction | a method of reproduction in which an organism is produced from a single cell (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 180 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| assumption | a belief that something is true without checking its validity (CHAPTER 3 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 71 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| asteroid | any of the very small celestial bodies that orbit the Sun, mainly between Mars and Jupiter (CHAPTER 12 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 371 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| astronomy | the study of all celestial bodies in the universe (CHAPTER 12 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 369 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| atmosphere | the blanket of air that surrounds Earth (CHAPTER 11 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 353 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| atom | the smallest particle of an element that can exist alone
(See page 258 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| atomic mass | the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 261 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| atomic number | the number of protons in an atom (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 261 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| ATP | a compound in which energy is stored for later use in a cell (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 168 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| axis | the imaginary line running through Earth’s center from the North Pole to the South Pole on which the planet rotates
(See page 356 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| axon | a long fiber in a nerve cell through which a nerve impulse is sent (CHAPTER 8 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 226 in your textbook.)
|
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|
|
| backbone | a segmented column of bones (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 192 in your textbook.)
|
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|
|
| barometric pressure | see air pressure
(See page 359 in your textbook.)
|
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|
|
| behavior | an organism’s actions or reactions to its environment (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 200 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| beta particle | an electron emitted from the nucleus of a radioactive atom (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 324 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| big bang theory | the idea that the universe began with an explosion of a dense, hot, compact mass under extreme pressure (CHAPTER 12 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 381 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| binary fission | a method of reproduction in which a cell simply divides into two new cells (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 176 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| biodegradable | organic materials that naturally decompose (CHAPTER 5 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 132 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| biodiversity | a healthy variety of plant and animal species coexisting in an environment and making the environment more stable (CHAPTER 5 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 122 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| biogenesis | the principle that living things only come from other living things (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 159 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| biological clock | an internal control of natural behavioral cycles (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 200 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| biological process | a fundamental property that is common to all living organisms (CHAPTER 1 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 38 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| biology | the study of all living things (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 159 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| black hole | the collapsed leftovers of a supernova (CHAPTER 12 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 375 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| blue star | a massive, hot star that uses up its hydrogen quickly, expands, and turns into a giant or supergiant (CHAPTER 12 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 375 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| boiling | the process by which a liquid changes to a gas (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 277 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| botany | the study of plants (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 160 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| bud | the part of a plant where new growth takes place (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 183 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| calorie | a measure of food energy (CHAPTER 8 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 233 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| camouflage | a coloring pattern that enables an animal to blend into its surroundings and not be seen by predators (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 201 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| carbohydrate | the main source of food energy (CHAPTER 8 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 233 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| cartilage | a tough, flexible material that covers bones and joints (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 192 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| catalyst | a substance that provides a faster mechanism by which a reaction may take place (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 284 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| cause | an action or condition that has a result associated with it (CHAPTER 3 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 73 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| cell | the basic unit of life (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 163 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| cell membrane | the soft, flexible covering that holds a cell together and separates it from other cells (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 165 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| cell specialization | the process in which the cells of an organism develop in different shapes, structures, and functions (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 168 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| cell wall | a tough, flexible covering that surrounds the cell membrane of a plant cell (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 165 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| chain reaction | a reaction in which nuclei are split apart in a controlled way, resulting in a great quantity of nuclear energy
(See page 327 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| chemical bonding | the process through which atoms are combined (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 269 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| chemical change | a change that produces a new substance (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 279 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| chemical equation | a shorthand way of describing what happens in a chemical reaction (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 283 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| chemical formula | a shorthand way of showing which elements are contained in a molecule (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 267 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| chemical reaction | the process in which two or more substances combine to form one or more new substances (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 283 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| chemical weathering | the softening and crumbling of rock brought about by chemical changes (CHAPTER 11 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 361 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| chlorophyll | the green substance in a plant cell that is used to capture light energy (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 165 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| chloroplast | an organelle in a plant that contains chlorophyll (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 165 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| chromatin | genetic material in the nucleus of a cell (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 165 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| chromosome | a group of genes that carries genetic information for various traits (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 171 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| circadian clock | a biological clock that controls daily activity (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 200 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| cloning | the process of creating a genetically identical replica of an organism
(See page 106 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| closed universe | the theory that the universe at some future time will begin to contract and eventually collapse into its original state as a solar nebula (CHAPTER 12 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 381 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| cold-blooded | a classification of an organism that cannot control its own internal body temperature (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 192 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| comet | a small object made of dust and frozen gas that orbits in a predictable path around the Sun (CHAPTER 12 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 371 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| complete metamorphosis | a type of metamorphosis that takes place in four stages (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 190 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| composting | the use of natural biological processes to aid in the decomposition of organic materials (CHAPTER 5 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 130 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| compound | a group of molecules that each contain the atoms of two or more elements (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 267 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| condensing | the process by which a gas becomes a liquid (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 277 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| conductor | a material in which electrons can be made to flow (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 315 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| conservation | the controlled use and preservation of natural resources (CHAPTER 5 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 121 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| constancy | the tendency for things to remain unchanged (CHAPTER 1 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 37 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| contaminants | substances that harm the environment (CHAPTER 5 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 129 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| continental drift | the movement of continents (CHAPTER 11 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 350 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| contraction | a decrease in size of a substance due to its atoms moving closer together, often caused by a decrease in temperature (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 305 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| convection currents | currents of molten rock within the mantle that carry much of the heat to Earth’s surface (CHAPTER 11 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 347 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| Copernican theory | the idea that the Sun is at the center of the solar system (CHAPTER 12 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 370 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| core | the center of Earth (CHAPTER 11 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 345 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| covalent bond | a bond in which electrons are shared by the bonded atoms of a molecule (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 270 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| crust | the outermost layer of Earth (CHAPTER 11 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 345 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| crustal plates | the exterior layer of Earth’s crust (surface); also called tectonic plates (CHAPTER 11 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 343 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| cytoplasm | a jellylike fluid of water, salt, minerals, and many types of organic molecules that are essential to all life processes (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 165 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| dendrite | a branching fiber on a nerve cell that receives messages from another nerve cell (CHAPTER 8 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 226 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| diffraction | the process in which a waves spread out into a region behind or around a barrier (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 309 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| digestion | the breaking down of food into nutrients that the body’s cells can use (CHAPTER 8 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 240 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| direct current | electric current that moves in one direction only (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 316 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| dissolve | to become part of a solution (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 281 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| DNA | a large, complex molecule formed by chains of chemical compounds (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 171 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| dominant gene | one gene in a gene pair that determines the effect of the gene pair (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 172 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| drawing conclusions | expressing unstated ideas that are logically connected to given information (CHAPTER 3 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 77 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| ecology | the study of the relationship of organisms to their environment (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS, CHAPTER 11 FLASHCARDS)
(See pages 159 and 340 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| ecosystem | a community of populations of organisms and the habitats and natural resources that affect the community (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 206 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| effect | a result of an action or condition (CHAPTER 3 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 73 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| egg | the female sex cell (CHAPTER 8 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 245 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| electric current | the flow of electrons in a material (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 315 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| electric force | the force that holds electrons in orbit around the nucleus of an atom (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 258 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| electromagnet | a strong magnet that is made by coiling a wire around a piece of iron and running an electric current through the wire (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 321 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| electromagnetic spectrum | the wide range of wavelengths over which electromagnetic waves exist (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 312 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| electromagnetic wave | a wave that can travel through a vacuum (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 312 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| electron | a particle with a negative electric charge that orbits the nucleus of an atom (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 258 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| element | a pure substance composed of identical atoms (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 258 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| elliptical galaxy | a galaxy that looks like a sphere or an elongated sphere of stars (CHAPTER 12 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 377 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| embryo | an organism in its early stage of development (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 192 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| endoplasmic reticulum | a cell organelle that produces lipids, breaks down chemicals, and transports proteins for delivery to all parts of a cell (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 168 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| energy | the capacity for doing work (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 289 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| energy shells | the energy levels at which electrons orbit the nucleus of an atom (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 261 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| entropy | the tendency of a system to become randomly disorganized (CHAPTER 1 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 42 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| environment | all the living and nonliving things that affect an organism’s life in some way (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See pages 159 and 200 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| environmental science | the study of how human beings interact with their environment (CHAPTER 11 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 340 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| enzyme | a specialized protein that breaks down organic molecules (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 168 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| epidemic | the rapid spread of an infectious disease through an entire population (CHAPTER 5 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 117 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| equilibrium | a condition in which change takes place in equal and opposite ways (CHAPTER 1 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 41 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| erosion | the natural movement of rock fragments over the surface of Earth (CHAPTER 11 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 362 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| eukaryote | an organism composed of one or more cells containing a nucleus and organelles (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 175 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| evidence | observations and data from experiments that support or oppose a stated point of view (CHAPTER 1 FLASHCARDS, CHAPTER 3 FLASHCARDS)
(See pages 34 and 81 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| evolution | a series of changes that occur over time (CHAPTER 1 FLASHCARDS, CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See pages 41 and 209 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| excretion | the process in which waste products are removed from the body (CHAPTER 8 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 241 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| expansion | an increase in size of a substance due to its atoms moving farther apart, often caused by an increase in temperature (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 305 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| experiment | a procedure that is designed to test a hypothesis (CHAPTER 3 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 89 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| explanation | the addition of newly acquired evidence to facts that are already known (CHAPTER 1 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 35 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| extinction | the dying off of an entire plant or animal species (CHAPTER 5 FLASHCARDS, CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See pages 122 and 200 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| famine | widespread starvation (CHAPTER 5 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 124 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| fat | an energy source derived primarily from animal products (CHAPTER 8 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 233 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| fetus | the developing stage of a baby
(See page 248 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| fission | the splitting of the nucleus of an atom (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 327 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| flat universe | the theory that the universe will at some future time reach a size and stay at that size (CHAPTER 12 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 381 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| flower | the part of a plant in which reproduction occurs (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 184 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| food chain | the interdependence of organisms for food (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 206 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| food web | a group of food chains that are linked together (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 206 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| force | any push or pull that can affect an object either in motion or at rest (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 292 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| fossil | a trace remain of an organism of a past geological age (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS, CHAPTER 11 FLASHCARDS)
(See pages 213 and 364 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| fossil fuels | fuels, such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas, that are used to produce energy for industrialized societies (CHAPTER 5 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 120 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| fraternal twins | two children who develop from two eggs fertilized by two sperm during the same reproductive cycle (CHAPTER 8 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 248 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| freezing | the process by which a liquid turns into a solid (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 277 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| friction | a force that slows a moving object (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 303 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| front | the boundary line where a warm air mass collides with a cold air mass (CHAPTER 11 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 359 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| fusion | the combining of two atomic nuclei to form one nucleus (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 328 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| galaxy | a large group of stars (CHAPTER 12 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 371 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| gamma ray | a high-energy electromagnetic wave (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 324 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| gas | the phase of matter in which the molecular structure of a substance is relatively loose, allowing atoms to move apart independently of each other (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 276 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| gas cloud | a vast cloud of gas and dust out of which a star may form (CHAPTER 12 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 378 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| gene | a strand of DNA that carries the information for a specific trait (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS, CHAPTER 8 FLASHCARDS)
(See pages 171 and 248 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| genetic disorder | a disease, disability, or difference caused by an abnormal gene (CHAPTER 8 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 249 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| genetics | the study of how characteristics are passed from one organism to another (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 171 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| geochemical cycle | the movement of elements from one chemical storehouse to another (CHAPTER 11 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 347 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| geochemistry | the study of the distribution of chemical elements in Earth’s crust (CHAPTER 11 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 340 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| geology | the study of the composition and structure of Earth (CHAPTER 11 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 339 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| geothermal energy | energy that comes from Earth’s hot interior (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 331 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| giant star | a star that is not as massive as a blue star, but has run out of hydrogen, resulting in the inner core shrinking and the outer core expanding (CHAPTER 12 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 375 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| gills | special organs that take oxygen out of water (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 192 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| global warming | the overheating of Earth’s surface (CHAPTER 5 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 134 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| globular cluster | a group of older stars that looks like a ball of stars (CHAPTER 12 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 378 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| glucose | a simple sugar that is used to produce energy in plants (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 168 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| Golgi complex | a cell organelle that receives proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum and modifies them for different functions (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 168 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| gravity | a force of attraction between two objects that is due to their mass (CHAPTER 12 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 372 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| greenhouse effect | the natural heating of a planet by the process of atmospheric gases trapping heat energy (CHAPTER 5 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 134 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| group | a column of the Periodic Table that lists elements that have the same number of electrons in their outermost energy shell (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 264 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| habitat | a home for a community of organisms (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 206 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| half-life | the rate at which a substance undergoes radioactive decay (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 324 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| heat | the energy of moving atoms (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 305 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| hemisphere | the left or right half of the human brain (CHAPTER 8 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 225 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| hormone | a chemical produced within the body that regulates body functions (CHAPTER 8 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 245 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| humidity | the measure of the water vapor in the air (CHAPTER 11 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 359 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| hydrocarbon | a compound composed of only carbon and hydrogen (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 274 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| hydroelectric power | electrical energy formed by the conversion of the energy of flowing water (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 330 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| hypothesis | a reasonable explanation of evidence or a prediction based on evidence (CHAPTER 1 FLASHCARDS, CHAPTER 3 FLASHCARDS)
(See pages 35, 67, and 89 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| identical twins | two children who form from the same fertilized egg cell (CHAPTER 8 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 248 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| immune system | molecules, cells, and organs that work together to defend the body against pathogens (CHAPTER 5 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 117 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| implication | a point of view that another person presents to you (CHAPTER 2 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 57 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| imply | to suggest (CHAPTER 2 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 57 in your textbook.)
|
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|
|
| incineration | the burning of solid wastes (CHAPTER 5 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 130 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| incomplete metamorphosis | a type of metamorphosis that takes place in three stages (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 190 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| inertia | the natural resistance of matter to change its state of rest or motion (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 292 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| infer | to guess at what is not stated directly (CHAPTER 2 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 57 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| inference | a point of view that a person arrives at because of what he or she reads, hears, or sees (CHAPTER 2 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 57 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| insulation | material that protects against electric shock (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 315 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| invertebrate | an animal without a backbone or skull (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 187 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| involuntary muscle | a muscle over which a person has limited control (CHAPTER 8 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 238 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| ion | an atom that has either lost or gained an electron (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 269 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| ionic bond | a bond that is formed when an electron in the outermost energy shell of one atom transfers to the outermost shell of a second atom (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 269 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| ionosphere | the region of Earth’s atmosphere that reflects radio waves toward the ground (CHAPTER 11 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 354 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| irregular galaxy | a galaxy that differs from the two basic shapes of galaxies (CHAPTER 12 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 377 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| irrelevant information | information that includes any facts that do not directly affect a person’s decision (CHAPTER 3 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 81 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| joint | the spot where two or more bones come together (CHAPTER 8 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 237 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| kinetic energy | the energy of motion (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 302 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| kingdom | the most general classification of an organism (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 175 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| landfill | a place where solid wastes are buried (CHAPTER 5 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 130 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| larva | a wormlike creature that begins the process of complete metamorphosis (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 190 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| law of chance | a description of the probability of something happening (CHAPTER 1 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 38 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| law of nature | a property of nature that does not change (CHAPTER 1 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 37 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| leaves | the site of food production in a plant (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 183 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| lever | a simple machine in which a small force times a large distance at one end becomes a large force times a small distance at the other end (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 299 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| life cycle | the stages of life that all living things go through: beginning, growth, maturity, decline, and death (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 162 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| life science | see biology
(See page 159 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| ligament | a tough strand of connective tissue (CHAPTER 8 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 237 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| light | the range of electromagnetic wavelengths that humans can visibly detect (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 312 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| light-year | the distance that light travels in one year: about 6 trillion miles (CHAPTER 12 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 371 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| lipid | an energy-storing fat (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 168 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| liquid | a phase of matter in which a substance takes the shape of its container and has a definite volume (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 276 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| lysosome | a special organelle in an animal cell that gets rid of waste materials, protects the cell from foreign invaders, and destroys worn-out or damaged organelles (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 169 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| machine | a device that is designed to make work easier (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 299 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| magnetism | a trait in which an object attracts and repels another object (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 321 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| mantle | the layer of Earth between the crust and the core (CHAPTER 11 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 345 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| mass | the amount of matter an object or particle contains (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 258 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| matter | anything that has weight and takes up space (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 257 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| melting | the process by which a solid turns into a liquid (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 277 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| menstrual cycle | the growth and release of a mature egg in the female reproductive system (CHAPTER 8 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 245 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| mesosphere | the layer of Earth’s atmosphere in which air temperature drops with increasing altitude (CHAPTER 11 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 354 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| metamorphosis | the process in which insects and amphibians go through stages of life (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 190 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| meteor | a bright streak of light in the night sky caused by a meteoroid burning up as it enters Earth’s atmosphere (CHAPTER 12 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 371 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| meteorite | a fragment of a meteor that is found on the surface of Earth (CHAPTER 12 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 371 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| meteorology | the study of the atmosphere (CHAPTER 11 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 339 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| migrate | to move from one place to another (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 200 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| milestone | a turning point or point at which everything changes
(See page 97 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| mineral | see vitamin
(See page 233 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| mitochondria | a bean-shaped organelle that breaks down the chemical bonds of food molecules (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 168 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| mitosis | the process of cell division (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 171 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| model | an idea, drawing, or object that stands for a real thing (CHAPTER 1 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 34 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| molecule | a combination of two or more atoms (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 267 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| molting | the process through which an organism sheds its exoskeleton (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 189 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| multicellular organism | an organism that consists of more than one cell (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 168 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| muscle | a contracting tissue that is responsible for bone movement (CHAPTER 8 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 237 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| mutation | a change in the genetic information within a cell (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See pages 171 and 210 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| natural resources | resources provided by nature that are available to support life (CHAPTER 5 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 120 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| natural selection | the idea that individuals with favorable traits are the most likely members of a species to survive, reproduce, and pass on those traits (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 210 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| nerve impulse | electrical signals that travel to and from nerve cells throughout the body (CHAPTER 8 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 238 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| neuron | a nerve cell that makes up brain tissue (CHAPTER 8 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 226 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| neutron | a particle in the nucleus of an atom that has no electric charge (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 258 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| neutron star | a very dense small star made up entirely of neutrons from the leftover materials near the center of a supernova (CHAPTER 12 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 375 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| nonconductor | a material in which electrons cannot be made to flow (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 315 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| nonrenewable resources | resources that cannot be replaced or that take hundreds or thousands of years to replace (CHAPTER 5 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 120 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| nonvascular plant | a plant that has no specialized tissue to transport water and nutrients to parts of the plant (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 180 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| nuclear force | the force that holds neutrons and protons together in the nucleus of an atom (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 258 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| nuclear reactor | a device in which controlled chain reactions are carried out (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 327 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| nucleolus | a body within the nucleus of a cell that is responsible for making protein (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 165 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| nucleus | an organelle that controls the activities of a cell and stores heredity information; the core of an atom (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS, CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See pages 165 and 258 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| nutrient | a food substance that the body can use for tissue growth and repair, as well as for energy (CHAPTER 8 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 233 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| nutrition | the study of the health value of food (CHAPTER 8 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 233 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| nymph | a smaller version of an adult insect; the second stage of incomplete metamorphosis (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 190 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| oceanography | the study of Earth’s oceans (CHAPTER 11 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 339 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| open cluster | a small group of stars that is located along the spiral disk of a spiral galaxy (CHAPTER 12 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 378 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| open universe | the theory that the universe will continue to slowly expand forever (CHAPTER 12 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 381 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| opinion | a personal belief that is often based on a person’s own value system (CHAPTER 1 FLASHCARDS, CHAPTER 3 FLASHCARDS)
(See pages 35 and 67 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| orbit | the path in which a planet travels around the Sun (CHAPTER 11 FLASHCARDS, CHAPTER 12 FLASHCARDS)
(See pages 356 and 370 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| order | the tendency of properties and behavior to be predictable (CHAPTER 1 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 31 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| organ | a group of different types of tissue that work together (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 169 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| organ system | a group of organs that work together (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 169 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| organelle | a specialized structure within the cytoplasm of a cell that performs a special life activity (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 165 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| organic | a carbon-containing compound (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS, CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See pages 165 and 272 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| organic chemistry | the study of carbon (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 272 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| organism | a living thing (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See pages 159 and 162 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| ozone | a type of oxygen gas that surrounds Earth and absorbs ultraviolet rays (CHAPTER 11 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 353 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| paleontology | the study of prehistoric animal and plant life through the analysis of fossil remains (CHAPTER 11 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 339 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| Pangaea | the massive supercontinent that split into the seven continents (CHAPTER 11 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 350 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| parallel circuit | a circuit in which there is more than one path for electric current to take (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 316 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| pathogen | a harmful bacterium, virus, or fungus that invades the human body (CHAPTER 5 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 115 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| period | a row of the Periodic Table that contains elements that have the same number of energy shells (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 264 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| phases of matter | the three forms of a substance: solid, liquid, and gas (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 276 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| photosynthesis | the process in which a plant changes sunlight, carbon dioxide gas, and water into glucose (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 168 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| physical change | a change that does not produce a new substance (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 279 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| physical weathering | a type of weathering that breaks rocks apart without changing the chemicals within the rocks (CHAPTER 11 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 361 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| pistil | the female reproductive structure in a flowering plant (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 184 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| placenta | a special tissue through which a developing placental embryo receives nourishment from its mother (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 197 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| planet | a celestial body that revolves around the Sun (CHAPTER 12 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 370 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| plate tectonics | the theory of the movement of Earth’s crustal plates (CHAPTER 11 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 350 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| pollen | a grain that contains the male sex cell of a flowering plant (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 184 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| pollination | the process by which flowering plants reproduce (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 184 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| pollution | any form of contamination that affects the quality of life (CHAPTER 5 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 129 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| polymer | a hydrocarbon that contains a large number of carbon atoms (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 274 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| population | all organisms of one type (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 206 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| potential energy | stored energy (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 302 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| predator | an animal that hunts other animals (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 201 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| prey | an animal that is hunted by another animal (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 201 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| prism | a triangular piece of glass that breaks light into a spectrum of colors (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 312 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| products | the substances formed during a chemical reaction (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 283 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| prokaryote | an organism whose cells do not contain a nucleus and other specialized cell structures (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 175 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| protein | a molecule that is necessary for cell growth and repair and sometimes energy (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS, CHAPTER 8 FLASHCARDS)
(See pages 168 and 233 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| proton | a particle in the nucleus of an atom that has a positive electric charge (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 258 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| pulsar | a neutron star that spins, sending out beams of pulsing radiation (CHAPTER 12 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 375 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| punctuated equilibrium | a form of rapid evolution in which species suddenly appear or disappear on Earth (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 211 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| pupa | a resting insect in the third stage of complete metamorphosis (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 190 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| radioactivity | a property of some types of atoms in which the nuclei are unstable and break apart, releasing particles and rays (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 324 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| reactants | the substances that combine in a chemical reaction (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 283 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| reaction rate | the speed at which a chemical reaction takes place (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 284 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| recessive gene | a gene that has no effect if a dominant gene is present (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 172 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| recycling | the breaking down of trash into its component substances and reusing them in new products (CHAPTER 5 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 130 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| red dwarf star | the smallest and coolest of stars, having the longest lifetime of all stars (CHAPTER 12 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 375 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| red giant | a giant star that glows a cool, red color (CHAPTER 12 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 375 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| reflection | the process in which a wave bounces off a smooth surface (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 309 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| refraction | the process in which a wave crosses a boundary and begins to move in a slightly different direction (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 309 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| relevant information | information that includes facts that directly affect a person’s decision (CHAPTER 3 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 81 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| renewable resources | resources that can be used and then replaced over a relatively short period of time (CHAPTER 5 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 120 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| reproduction | the process by which an organism produces future generations of its own kind (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 162 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| resource recovery | the process of burning trash to create electricity (CHAPTER 5 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 121 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| respiration | the process in which food sugar is broken down and energy and carbon dioxide gas are released (CHAPTER 8 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 242 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| response | the reaction of an organism to a stimulus (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 162 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| restate | to use different words and phrases to express the same idea (CHAPTER 2 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 54 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| revolution | a planet’s complete trip around the Sun (CHAPTER 11 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 356 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| ribosome | a cell organelle on which amino acids combine to make proteins (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 168 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| root | the part of a plant that anchors it in the ground and absorbs water and minerals from the soil (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 183 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| root hairs | the long extensions of a root that serve as the main point of entrance for water into the root (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 183 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| scientific fact | a conclusion, based on evidence, that scientists agree on (CHAPTER 1 FLASHCARDS, CHAPTER 3 FLASHCARDS)
(See pages 35 and 67 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| scientific method | a logical way to perform experiments and to draw conclusions that are supported by all available evidence (CHAPTER 3 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 88 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| semiconductor | a material in which only a small amount of electric current can be made to flow (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 315 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| series circuit | a circuit in which there is only one path for electric current to take (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 316 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| sexual reproduction | a method of reproduction in which two different sex cells meet and produce offspring (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 180 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| skeleton | the frame of the human body (CHAPTER 8 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 236 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| skull | a bone that protects the brain and other organs in the head (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 192 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| social behavior | the behavior of animals of the same species as they live together (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 202 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| soil | a mixture of tiny rock fragments and organic materials produced by living things (CHAPTER 11 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 361 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| solar cell | a device that produces electricity when sunlight strikes it (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 330 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| solar energy | energy from sunlight (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 330 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| solar nebula | a cloud of interstellar gas and dust from which the solar system formed (CHAPTER 11 FLASHCARDS, CHAPTER 12 FLASHCARDS)
(See pages 342 and 379 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| solar system | the system comprised of the Sun and the nine planets that revolve around it (CHAPTER 12 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 370 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| solid | the phase of matter in which the molecular structure of a substance is nearly rigid (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 276 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| solute | the substance that is dissolved in a solution (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 281 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| solution | a uniform mixture of substances (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 281 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| solvent | the substance in a solution that dissolves the solute (CHAPTER 9 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 281 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| species | a group of organisms that have the same number of chromosomes and display similar traits (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 172 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| sperm | the male sex cell (CHAPTER 8 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 244 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| spiral galaxy | a galaxy that has a huge core of stars surrounded by spiral arms (CHAPTER 12 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 377 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| spore | a tiny reproductive cell (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 179 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| static electricity | electricity in which electrons are transferred from one object to another (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 315 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| stamen | the male reproductive structure in a flowering plant (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 184 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| stem | the part of a plant that holds the leaves up toward sunlight and transports water and minerals from the roots to the leaves (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 183 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| stigma | the sticky top part of the pistil in a flower (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 184 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| stimulus | something that causes a change in an organism’s behavior (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 162 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| stomata | tiny openings in a leaf that allow gases to enter and exit the leaf (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 183 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| stratosphere | the second layer of Earth’s atmosphere; contains ozone gas (CHAPTER 11 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 354 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| style | a long tube through which pollen moves from the stigma to the ovary in a flowering plant (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 184 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| summarize | to briefly express a writer’s key thought (CHAPTER 2 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 49 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| superconductor | a conductor in which there is no electrical resistance (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 319 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| supergiant | a very large giant star (CHAPTER 12 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 375 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| supernova | a flash of light caused by the explosion of a massive blue star that has become too hot (CHAPTER 12 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 375 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| synapse | the point of contact between two nerve cells (CHAPTER 8 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 226 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| system | an organized group of related objects or components that form a whole (CHAPTER 1 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 30 in your textbook.)
|
|
|
|
| technology | the use of knowledge, materials, and tools to solve human problems and to provide for human needs and wishes
(See page 95 in your textbook.)
|
|
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| temperature | the measure of heat energy; the measure of the warmth of the air in Earth’s atmosphere (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS, CHAPTER 11 FLASHCARDS)
(See pages 305 and 359 in your textbook.)
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| tendon | a strong, fibrous connective tissue that connects bones and muscles (CHAPTER 8 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 237 in your textbook.)
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| thermosphere | the outermost layer of Earth’s atmosphere in which the temperature rises with altitude (CHAPTER 11 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 354 in your textbook.)
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| tissue | a collection of similar cells (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 169 in your textbook.)
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| troposphere | the layer of Earth’s atmosphere that is closest to the ground (CHAPTER 11 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 354 in your textbook.)
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| ultraviolet light | high-energy light from the Sun that is harmful to life (CHAPTER 11 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 353 in your textbook.)
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| unicellular organism | an organism that consists of a single cell (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 168 in your textbook.)
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| uterus | a special organ in a female placental mammal in which an embryo develops (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 197 in your textbook.)
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| vacuole | a large compartment in a plant cell that stores water and other liquids (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 168 in your textbook.)
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| vacuum | a space that contains no matter (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 312 in your textbook.)
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| value | a principle or a quality that a person believes is important (CHAPTER 3 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 86 in your textbook.)
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| vascular plant | a plant that has specialized tissue for transporting water and nutrients to parts of the plant (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 180 in your textbook.)
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| vertebrate | an animal with a backbone and a skull (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 192 in your textbook.)
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| vesicle | a membrane-covered compartment near the cell membrane that stores proteins and other organic substances (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 168 in your textbook.)
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| visible light | see light
(See page 312 in your textbook.)
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| vitamin | a chemical that is necessary for proper body growth, body activity, and the prevention of certain diseases (CHAPTER 8 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 233 in your textbook.)
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| voluntary muscle | a muscle that a person can consciously control (CHAPTER 8 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 238 in your textbook.)
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| warm-blooded | a classification of animals who can control their own internal body temperature (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 196 in your textbook.)
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| wave | a periodic disturbance that carries energy (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 308 in your textbook.)
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| wavelength | the distance between the highest or lowest points of two adjacent waves (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 308 in your textbook.)
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| weathering | the breaking down of rock into smaller pieces by natural processes (CHAPTER 11 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 361 in your textbook.)
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| wheel and axle | a machine, consisting of a rope and axle, in which the force felt by the weight is much more than the force applied to the free end of the rope (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 300 in your textbook.)
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| white dwarf star | a small, hot star that is the leftover core of a giant or supergiant (CHAPTER 12 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 375 in your textbook.)
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| wind | air movement (CHAPTER 11 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 359 in your textbook.)
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| work | the process in which an object moves in response to an applied force (CHAPTER 10 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 299 in your textbook.)
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| zoology | the study of animals (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 160 in your textbook.)
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education