John M. Reier
| act | a major section of a play (CHAPTER 8 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 255 in your textbook.)
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| adjective | a part of speech that describes a person, place, thing, or idea (CHAPTER 5 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 113 in your textbook.)
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| analysis | breaking something down into its parts and examining each part (CHAPTER 3 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 47 in your textbook.)
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| application | transferring your understanding of a concept to a different situation
(See page 39 in your textbook.)
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| atmosphere | the emotions associated with a story’s environment (CHAPTER 6 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 166 in your textbook.)
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| cause | the reason for an action or situation (CHAPTER 3 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 81 in your textbook.)
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| characterization | the methods an author uses to present characters to the reader (CHAPTER 6 FLASHCARDS, CHAPTER 8 FLASHCARDS)
(See pages 180 and 260 in your textbook.)
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| classification | sorting things, people, or ideas into categories (CHAPTER 3 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 77 in your textbook.)
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| comparison | showing how two or more things are similar (CHAPTER 4 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 90 in your textbook.)
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| comprehension | understanding what an author tells you directly (CHAPTER 1 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 15 in your textbook.)
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| conclusion | a judgment made based on a set of facts and opinions (CHAPTER 3 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 53 in your textbook.)
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| conflict | a struggle that occurs because of different needs or wishes among two or more people or groups, or opposing needs of an individual (CHAPTER 6 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 174 in your textbook.)
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| context | the phrases and sentences that surround a word (CHAPTER 1 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 32 in your textbook.)
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| contrast | showing how two or more things are different (CHAPTER 4 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 90 in your textbook.)
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| conversational style | a type of diction that imitates the way people speak; may include slang expressions and dialects (CHAPTER 3 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 64 in your textbook.)
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| critical essay | a type of essay in which the author attempts to interpret or explain as fully as possible both positive and negative elements of a subject (CHAPTER 5 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 110 in your textbook.)
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| description | an explanation of someone or something’s physical appearance or an experience (CHAPTER 1 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 29 in your textbook.)
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| dialogue | a conversation between characters (CHAPTER 6 FLASHCARDS, CHAPTER 8 FLASHCARDS)
(See pages 165, 185, and 257 in your textbook.)
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| diction | the words used to express ideas (CHAPTER 3 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 62 in your textbook.)
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| drama | a written work designed to be acted out on a stage in which the writing consists almost entirely of dialogue between characters (CHAPTER 8 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 249 in your textbook.)
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| effect | the results of a situation or action (CHAPTER 3 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 81 in your textbook.)
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| employee handbook | a type of business document that contains essential elements regarding conditions of employment at a company (CHAPTER 5 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 129 in your textbook.)
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| example | a model that shows how something should be done (CHAPTER 1 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 24 in your textbook.)
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| expanded synthesis | integrating additional information with an understanding of a passage (CHAPTER 4 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 102 in your textbook.)
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| fact | a statement that can be proved (CHAPTER 1 FLASHCARDS, CHAPTER 5 FLASHCARDS)
(See pages 28 and 111 in your textbook.)
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| fiction | writing about imaginary people and events (CHAPTER 6 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 165 in your textbook.)
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| figurative language | words that mean something other than their literal definition (CHAPTER 3 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 57 in your textbook.)
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| formal style | a type of diction that is usually found in scholarly essays, legal documents, and technical articles; reading level is often very challenging (CHAPTER 3 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 64 in your textbook.)
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| inference | a conclusion not directly stated but drawn from a set of facts or opinions (CHAPTER 3 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 47 in your textbook.)
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| informal style | a type of diction that generally appears in magazine and newspaper articles; directed to the general reading public (CHAPTER 3 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 64 in your textbook.)
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| informative essay | a type of essay in which the author attempts to educate the reader about a certain subject (CHAPTER 5 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 110 in your textbook.)
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| legal document | a type of business document that advises employees of federal and local laws governing behavior in the workplace, such as avoidance of sexual harassment, prohibitions against hiring discrimination, and safety requirements (CHAPTER 5 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 129 in your textbook.)
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| main idea | the central message of a passage; what the passage is about (CHAPTER 1 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 16 in your textbook.)
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| main-idea sentence | a sentence that expresses in general terms what a passage is about (CHAPTER 1 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 19 in your textbook.)
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| metaphor | a comparison that implies that something is something else (CHAPTER 6 FLASHCARDS, CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See pages 194 and 230 in your textbook.)
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| mission statement | a type of business document that clarifies a company’s purpose for existing in the marketplace and spells out its unique benefits for clients and customers (CHAPTER 5 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 128 in your textbook.)
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| narrator | the person telling a story (CHAPTER 6 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 176 in your textbook.)
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| nonfiction prose | writing about real people, places, events, and social issues (CHAPTER 5 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 109 in your textbook.)
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| novel | a long story giving a fully-developed portrayal of people, situations, and places (CHAPTER 6 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 165 in your textbook.)
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| opinion | a statement that cannot be proved; a statement that reflects an individual or group’s interpretation of something (CHAPTER 5 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 111 in your textbook.)
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| performing arts | art created from the movement, voice, and actions of people; examples are music, dance, theater, film, and TV (CHAPTER 5 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 154 in your textbook.)
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| personification | representing a nonliving thing as a human or animal (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 232 in your textbook.)
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| place | the specific location where a situation or event occurs (CHAPTER 6 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 166 in your textbook.)
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| plot | the sequence of events in a story (CHAPTER 6 FLASHCARDS, CHAPTER 8 FLASHCARDS)
(See pages 172 and 260 in your textbook.)
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| poetry | a form of writing used to convey emotional truths in which the writer uses figurative language and writes in stanzas (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 217 in your textbook.)
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| point of view | the position from which a person, action, or situation is presented or evaluated (CHAPTER 6 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 176 in your textbook.)
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| prose | writing in paragraph form (CHAPTER 6 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 165 in your textbook.)
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| purpose | the idea that ties all of the details in a passage together; the reason that the author wrote the passage (CHAPTER 4 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 99 in your textbook.)
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| reasons | statements that answer the question why? (CHAPTER 1 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 26 in your textbook.)
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| review | a type of essay intended for the general reading public in which the author briefly describes the content of a work of art and evaluates its strengths and weaknesses (CHAPTER 5 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 110 in your textbook.)
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| scene | a specific episode from a story set in one place and occurring during a fixed time period (CHAPTER 8 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 255 in your textbook.)
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| setting | the place, time, and atmosphere in which a situation occurs (CHAPTER 6 FLASHCARDS, CHAPTER 8 FLASHCARDS)
(See pages 166 and 260 in your textbook.)
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| short story | a story focusing on one major event or series of events (CHAPTER 6 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 165 in your textbook.)
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| simile | a direct comparison using the words as, like,
or than (CHAPTER 6 FLASHCARDS, CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See pages 194 and 230 in your textbook.)
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| speaker | a voice invented by a poet that narrates a poem (CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 223 in your textbook.)
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| stage directions | directions to actors in a play explaining what their tone of voice, facial expressions, and gestures should be (CHAPTER 8 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 256 in your textbook.)
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| stanza | in poetry, a group of written lines arranged together (CHAPTER 6 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 165 in your textbook.)
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| structure | the way an author organizes his or her message (CHAPTER 3 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 72 in your textbook.)
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| style | the distinguishing characteristics of an artist’s performance or work (CHAPTER 3 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 62 in your textbook.)
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| supporting details | specific statements that give more information about the central message of a passage (CHAPTER 1 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 23 in your textbook.)
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| synthesis | the integrating of information from different sources to reach a new understanding (CHAPTER 4 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 89 in your textbook.)
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| theme | the underlying meaning of a story (CHAPTER 6 FLASHCARDS, CHAPTER 8 FLASHCARDS)
(See pages 197 and 260 in your textbook.)
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| time | the time of day, season, or historical period when an event takes place (CHAPTER 6 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 166 in your textbook.)
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| time order | a step-by-step method of organization that is used to explain a process or an event (CHAPTER 3 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 74 in your textbook.)
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| tone | an author’s attitude toward his or her subject (CHAPTER 3 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 69 in your textbook.)
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| topic sentence | a sentence that expresses in general terms what a paragraph is about (CHAPTER 1 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 16 in your textbook.)
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| training manual | a type of business document that guides employees with practical step-by-step assistance in performing their jobs according to company policy and procedure (CHAPTER 5 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 129 in your textbook.)
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| visual arts | art created from an inanimate material such as paint or stone; examples are sculpture, painting, and photography (CHAPTER 5 FLASHCARDS)
(See page 148 in your textbook.)
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education