Zoology, 8th Edition (Miller)

Chapter 6: Ecology: Preserving the Animal Kingdom

Quiz



1.

For an aquatic animal, the amount of oxygen dissolved in the water may determine where the animal can live. For this animal, dissolved oxygen is a/an
A)tolerance factor.
B)acclimator.
C)limiting factor.
D)optimum factor.
2.

For an aquatic animal, the range of values for dissolved oxygen that will support life is called the
A)range of optimum.
B)tolerance range.
C)existence range.
D)home range.
3.

All of the following contribute to the energy budget of an animal EXCEPT one. Select the exception.
A)existence energy--the energy it takes to survive
B)resistance energy--the energy it takes to resist change in the environment
C)productive energy--the energy it takes to grow and reproduce
D)excretory energy--the energy lost through feces and excretion
4.

Human populations in developed countries display type ______ survivorship curves.
A)I
B)II
C)III
D)IV
5.

Which of the following sequences illustrate exponential growth?
A)2--->4--->6--->8
B)2--->3--->4--->5
C)2--->4--->8--->16
D)2--->4--->10--->25
6.

Evolution in which each of two species exerts a strong influence on the other species is called
A)contingency.
B)parallel evolution.
C)coevolution.
D)convergent evolution.
7.

A symbiotic relationship in which one member of a relationship benefits and the second member is neither helped nor harmed is
A)mutualism.
B)commensalism.
C)parasitism.
D)predation.
8.

The population size a particular environment can support is called the environment's
A)environmental resistance.
B)population structure.
C)biotic potential.
D)carrying capacity.
9.

Frog and toad eggs employ a kind of camouflage called ________________ in which they are darkly pigmented on top and lightly pigmented on the bottom.
A)aposematic coloration
B)mimicry
C)mutualism
D)countershading
10.

A symbiotic relationship in which one member of the relationship benefits and the second is neither helped nor harmed is called
A)mutualism.
B)parasitism.
C)commensalism.
D)mimicry.
11.

Two male redwing blackbirds are competing for a breeding territory and female redwings. This example depicts
A)interspecific competition.
B)intraspecific competition.
C)coevolution.
D)competitive exclusion.
12.

Most natural populations exhibit type _______ population growth.
A)I
B)II
C)III
D)IV
13.

All populations living in an area make up a/an
A)community ecosystem.
B)community.
C)habitat.
D)niche.
14.

A community and its physical surroundings make up a/an
A)biome.
B)ecosystem.
C)habitat.
D)niche.
15.

The dominant members of a community often change the community in predictable ways in a process called
A)spatial structuring.
B)temporal structuring.
C)dispersal.
D)succession.
16.

The final community in a sere is called the
A)climax community.
B)primary community.
C)secondary community.
D)sere.
17.

The first trophic level of an ecosystem is made up of:
A)free organic molecules
B)decomposers
C)consumers
D)producers
18.

The ______ of a species includes all the attributes of its life-style.
A)niche
B)habitat
C)range
D)diversity
19.

Overall, about ______ percent of the food consumed at one trophic level is converted into new biomass.
A)5
B)10
C)20
D)60
20.

Assuming that 1,000 units of energy are available at the producer level of a stream ecosystem, how many units of energy would be available in the fourth trophic level (e.g., leaf material--->mayfly--->stonefly--->small mouth bass)?
A)10 units
B)1 unit
C)100 units
D)0.1 unit
21.

All of the following statements regarding energy in ecosystems are true except one. Select the exception.
A)Most energy at one trophic level is eventually radiated into the outer atmosphere as heat and will never be reused.
B)An ecosystem can support more biomass at higher trophic levels than at lower trophic levels.
C)Larger populations can be supported if organisms feed at lower trophic levels.
D)Consumption is never 100 percent efficient.
22.

The nonliving reservoir for carbon in an ecosystem is/are
A)carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
B)carbon dioxide dissolved in water of the oceans.
C)carbon in limestone deposits.
D)All of the above are nonliving reservoirs for carbon.
23.

All of the following are true of the carbon cycle except one. Select the exception.
A)Most carbon is incorporated into living tissues by photosynthesis.
B)Combustion of fossil fuels returns carbon to the atmosphere.
C)The rate at which carbon has been accumulating in the atmosphere has been decreasing dramatically in the last 50 years.
D)Carbon is rarely a limiting factor for animals.
24.

The variety of living organisms in an ecosystem is called
A)ecological variation.
B)ecosystem strength.
C)biodiversity.
D)ecosystem wealth.
25.

Biological magnification refers to the
A)diversity of plants and animals in an ecosystem.
B)increase in energy present in higher trophic levels in an ecosystem.
C)increase in numbers of animals at higher trophic levels in an ecosystem.
D)concentration of matter in tissues of animals at higher trophic levels in an ecosystem.
26.

The release of __________________ from aerosol cans, air conditioners, and refrigerators leads to depletion of the ozone layer.
A)sulfur dioxide
B)nitrogen oxide
C)chlorinated fluorocarbons
D)carbon dioxide
27.

Aestivation is a time of decreased metabolism and lowered body temperature during daily activity cycles, during the summer or hot, dry time of the year.
A)True
B)False
28.

Hibernation is a time of decreased metabolism and lowered body temperatures that may last for weeks or months and occurs in mammals such as rodents, bats, and bears, during cold periods.
A)True
B)False
29.

A type of camouflage that occurs when an animal takes on the color patterns in its environment to blend in with the surroundings is called countershading.
A)True
B)False
30.

A host that harbors the adult stage of a parasite is called the intermediate host.
A)True
B)False
31.

In the carbon cycle, respiration returns carbon to its reservoir in the atmosphere.
A)True
B)False
32.

The age pyramid of a developing country (e.g., India) has a very wide base with large numbers of individuals in the youngest age groups.
A)True
B)False
33.

The current U.S. population exceeds 300 million and is expected to grow to over 400 million by 2050.
A)True
B)False
34.

The accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere contributes to the depletion of the ozone layer and an increased risk of skin cancer.
A)True
B)False
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