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1 | |
To say that environmental science is mission oriented means it is
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| | A) | a highly organized endeavor.
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| | B) | essentially an information gathering endeavor.
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| | C) | oriented toward solving problems.
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| | D) | designed to understand relationships.
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2 | |
The environment is considered
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| | A) | to be essentially the world of nature.
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| | B) | an immediate physical vicinity.
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| | C) | to include the social and cultural aspects of our lives as well as the physical.
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| | D) | restricted to living organisms around us and their physical interactions.
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3 | |
The main problem facing environmental science is to identify
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| | A) | the problems in need of remedies.
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| | B) | remedies for important problems.
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| | C) | ways to implement remedies that are acceptable to society.
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| | D) | ways of intensifying enforcement of existing anti-pollution laws.
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4 | |
Pinchot and Roosevelt, in their utilitarian view, were concerned that
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| | A) | nature be preserved for its own sake.
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| | B) | resources such as forests should be husbanded carefully to provide homes and jobs for people in the future.
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| | C) | air pollution posed a significant threat to forest growth.
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| | D) | aesthetic and spiritual values should guide resource management decisions.
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5 | |
______ is considered the catalyst of modern awareness of the threat of toxic pollution and the notion of environmentalism.
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| | A) | Teddy Roosevelt
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| | B) | Rachel Carson
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| | C) | Gifford Pinchot
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| | D) | John Muir
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6 | |
Environmental problems facing us include all of these EXCEPT
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| | A) | running out of oxygen.
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| | B) | future water shortages.
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| | C) | negative impacts of the use of fossil fuels.
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| | D) | reduced abundance and variety of life forms.
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7 | |
About ______ of the world’s people currently lack access to clean water, adequate diet, basic sanitation, and other essential needs.
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| | A) | 10 million
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| | B) | 100 million
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| | C) | 500 million
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| | D) | 1 billion
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8 | |
Historically, the reference “First World countries” meant
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| | A) | indigenous or first peoples to inhabit an area.
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| | B) | non-industrialized nations.
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| | C) | the poorest of the poor nations.
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| | D) | industrialized nations with market-driven economies.
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9 | |
Sustainable development means
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| | A) | improving people’s lives in the present in a way that can continue far into the future.
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| | B) | providing ever-increasing amounts of adequate housing.
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| | C) | continued growth indefinitely.
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| | D) | utilizing an ever-increasing quantity of natural resources.
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10 | |
John Stuart Mill would argue that
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| | A) | the human condition cannot be improved without progressive increased consumption of material goods.
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| | B) | without continued economic growth the human condition cannot be improved.
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| | C) | the best things in life are not necessarily things.
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| | D) | continued exploitation of nature is essential if people are to improve their lives.
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11 | |
Indigenous peoples are important in environmental considerations because
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| | A) | their homelands contain natural habitats least disturbed by humans.
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| | B) | their homelands contain a huge proportion of earth’s biodiversity.
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| | C) | their languages represent encoded knowledge of nature that is irreplaceable.
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| | D) | all of the above are correct.
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12 | |
Neo-Malthusians are concerned that
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| | A) | excessive restrictions on resource use may prevent improvement of human lives.
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| | B) | poverty is the driving force behind environmental degradation.
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| | C) | without restraining our use of natural resources we may face a bleak future.
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| | D) | technological advances are not being adequately appreciated as aids to solving future environmental problems.
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13 | |
The earliest documented recognition that misuse of the natural environment can have nasty consequences was
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| | A) | George Perkins Marsh’s 1864 publication of Man and Nature.
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| | B) | Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring, alerting the public to the dangers of pollution in 1962.
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| | C) | Roosevelt’s warnings about overuse a century ago.
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| | D) | Plato’s writings 2500 years ago.
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14 | |
The reference to North/South division refers to the fact that
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| | A) | wealth and power by and large reside in countries in the northern hemisphere.
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| | B) | environmental problems are worse in the southern hemisphere than in the northern.
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| | C) | environmental pollution knows no geographic boundaries.
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| | D) | most countries reveal greater pollution problems in their southern regions than elsewhere.
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15 | |
The human development index, used as a general indicator of human wellbeing, is based on measures such as
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| | A) | the number of TV sets, VCRs, and CD players per household.
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| | B) | the number of automobiles per household, miles driven, pounds of resources used, and so forth.
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| | C) | per capita waste production.
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| | D) | life expectancy, literacy rate, and availability of clean water.
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16 | |
Many ecologists doubt that development can truly be sustainable if development actually means physical growth because
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| | A) | nonrenewable resources are not available in unlimited supply.
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| | B) | earth’s ability to absorb wastes is not infinite.
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| | C) | physical growth of anything cannot continue indefinitely in a finite space.
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| | D) | of all of the above considerations.
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17 | |
The position that nature deserves to be protected in its own right is called
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| | A) | biocentric preservation.
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| | B) | utilitarian conservation.
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| | C) | environmentalism.
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| | D) | global environmentalism.
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18 | |
The world’s poorest people are
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| | A) | both a cause and victim of environmental degradation.
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| | B) | a significant cause of environmental damage.
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| | C) | significant victims of environmental damage.
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| | D) | not a significant factor in earth’s environmental dilemmas.
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19 | |
_____ constitutes 4.5 percent of the world’s people yet produces 50 percent of all toxic waste.
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| | A) | Japan
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| | B) | Germany
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| | C) | Russia
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| | D) | The United States
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20 | |
The cornucopian fallacy refers to the belief that there is no solution to our environmental problems.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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21 | |
The text suggests there is not a strong connection between poverty and environmental degradation.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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22 | |
The text suggests a strong connection exists between wealth and environmental degradation.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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23 | |
Polls show that over 80 percent of Americans believe that environmental protection is so important that it must be pursued regardless of cost.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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24 | |
Simple redirection of a modest portion of current foreign aid toward humanitarian goals could substantially reduce world poverty and injustice.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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25 | |
Eighty percent of the world’s resources are consumed by about 20 percent of the world’s people.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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26 | |
Analysts agree that an offshoot of extreme poverty in a society is a reduction in environmental damage.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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27 | |
Loss of indigenous cultures is accompanied by loss of unique understanding of nature. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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28 | |
Homelands of indigenous peoples are among the most biologically diverse on earth.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education