Please Note: It may not always be possible to include the necessary special characters, superscripts, subscripts, etc. in e-mail responses to this group of exercises. We suggest that you discuss this matter with your professor/class and decide upon a system for indicating such characters. You may cut/paste some characters and/or Greek letters from Microsoft Word, using the Insert menu. Alternatively, we suggest that you agree upon abbreviations for or spell out symbols, Greek letters, or characters and indicate superscripts and subscripts by using "sup", "sub", or up/down carats.

1			A magnetic dipole antenna has its axis aligned with the vertical. The antenna sends out radio waves. If you are due south of the antenna, what is the polarization state of the radio waves that reach you?
2			Why is it warmer in summer than in winter?
3			What is the frequency of the microwaves in a microwave oven? The wavelength is 12 cm.
4			In order to study the structure of a crystalline solid, you want to illuminate it with EM radiation whose wavelength is the same as the spacing of the atoms in the crystal (0.20 nm). (a) What is the frequency of the EM radiation? (b) In what part of the EM spectrum (radio, visible, etc.) does it lie?
5			What is the speed of light in a diamond that has an index of refraction of 2.4168?
6			The index of refraction of water is 1.33. (a) What is the speed of light in water? (b) What is the wavelength in water of a light wave with a vacuum wavelength of 515 nm?
7			How far does a beam of light travel in 1 ns?
8			If the speeder in Example 22.9 were going faster than the police car, how fast would it have to go so that the reflected microwaves produce the same number of beats per second?