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Perception, 4/e

Robert Sekuler, Brandeis University
Randolph Blake, Vanderbilt University

Spatial Vision and Pattern Perception


1	The vision-based task whereby we must select a particular object or specific person with precision is
		A)	detection.
		B)	discrimination.
		C)	identification.
		D)	categorization.


2	The approach which argues that perceptions are created by combining fundamental components is called the
		A)	structuralist tradition.
		B)	Gestalt tradition.
		C)	functionalist tradition.
		D)	ecological tradition.


3	Which of these is not a criticism of analytic introspection?
		A)	The number of "elementary" sensation became too large.
		B)	Trained observers reported different elementary sensations from each other.
		C)	It is susceptible to nonperceptual influences like motivation and expectation.
		D)	It doesn't adhere to the structuralist tradition.


4	The ability to represent different spatial scales is important to the visual system because
		A)	the information at different spatial scales is rarely concordant.
		B)	some problems cannot be solved using a single representation of scale.
		C)	the finer the spatial scale, the more useful the information.
		D)	humans cannot be sensitized to particular spatial scales.


5	Which of these is not a parameter of a sinusoidal grating?
		A)	spatial frequency
		B)	spatial phase
		C)	contrast
		D)	slope


6	The primary importance of sinusoidal gratings in vision research is that
		A)	they are ecologically common stimuli.
		B)	by manipulating the properties of gratings it is possible to construct any visual pattern.
		C)	most retinal images are dominated by a particular orientation.
		D)	performance in behavioral tasks is independent of the response of brain areas to sinusoidal gratings.


7	A plot showing the resulting contrast of a grating imaged through a lens as a function of the spatial frequency of the grating is called the
		A)	transfer function.
		B)	cutoff frequency plot.
		C)	Fourier function.
		D)	contrast threshold.


8	The significance of the cutoff frequency is that images of gratings above this frequency
		A)	are aliased.
		B)	are opposite in contrast.
		C)	will have zero contrast.
		D)	are inside the window of visibility.


9	Contrast threshold defines the
		A)	smallest contrast needed to reliably detect a given spatial frequency.
		B)	highest contrast that can be seen without damaging the retina.
		C)	peak of the contrast sensitivity function.
		D)	number of channels contributing to the contrast sensitivity function.


10	The peak of the photopic contrast sensitivity function (CSF) has _______ sensitivity and is shifted towards ________ spatial frequencies relative to the scotopic CSF.
		A)	higher; higher
		B)	higher; lower
		C)	lower; higher
		D)	lower; lower


11	We are able to measure the contrast sensitivity function of infants because
		A)	infants tend to look away from high contrast scenes.
		B)	infants vocalize more often when exposed to visible stimuli.
		C)	infants prefer looking at complex scenes.
		D)	it is not necessary to measure behavior to measure contrast sensitivity.


12	Infant acuity approximates adult acuity after ____ month(s).
		A)	1
		B)	5
		C)	8
		D)	12


13	The process of selective adaptation demonstrates that
		A)	human contrast sensitivity is determined by a single mechanism.
		B)	it is impossible to alter one portion of the CSF without affecting all of the others.
		C)	adaptation is a behavioral and not neural phenomenon.
		D)	it occurs after the input from both eyes is combined.


14	Two objects that are metameric are physically ________ and perceptually
		A)	different; distinguishable
		B)	identical; distinguishable
		C)	identical; indistinguishable
		D)	different; indistinguishable


15	Which of these is not a Gestalt principle of organization?
		A)	proximity
		B)	similarity
		C)	common ground
		D)	good continuation

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