| activity | A measure of an organization's output of goods or services.
|
 |
|
|
| average cost per unit | The total cost of producing a particular quantity of product divided by the number of units produced.
|
|
|
|
| controllable cost | A cost that is subject to the control or substantial influence of a particular individual.
|
|
|
|
| conversion costs | Direct-labor cost plus manufacturing-overhead cost.
|
|
|
|
| cost | The sacrifice made, usually measured by the resources given up, to achieve a particular purpose.
|
|
|
|
| cost driver | A characteristic of an activity or event that results in the incurrence of costs by that activity or event.
|
|
|
|
| cost objects | Responsibility centers, products, or services to which costs are assigned.
|
|
|
|
| cost of goods manufactured | The total cost of direct material, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead transferred from Work-in- Process Inventory to Finished-Goods Inventory during an accounting period.
|
|
|
|
| cost of goods sold | The expense measured by the cost of the finished goods sold during a period of time.
|
|
|
|
| differential cost | The difference in a cost item under two decision alternatives.
|
|
|
|
| direct cost | A cost that can be traced to a particular department or other subunit of an organization.
|
|
|
|
| direct-labor cost | The cost of salaries, wages, and fringe benefits for personnel who work directly on the manufactured products.
|
|
|
|
| direct material | Raw material that is physically incorporated in the finished product.
|
|
|
|
| expense | The consumption of assets for the purpose of generating revenue.
|
|
|
|
| finished goods | Completed products awaiting sale.
|
|
|
|
| fixed cost | A cost that does not change in total as activity changes.
|
|
|
|
| idle time | Unproductive time spent by employees due to factors beyond their control, such as power outages and machine breakdowns.
|
|
|
|
| incremental cost | The increase in cost from one alternative to another.
|
|
|
|
| indirect cost | A cost that cannot be traced to a particular department.
|
|
|
|
| indirect labor | All costs of compensating employees who do not work directly on the firm's product but who are necessary for production to occur.
|
|
|
|
| indirect materials | Materials that either are required for the production process to occur but do not become an integral part of the finished product, or are consumed in production but are insignificant in cost.
|
|
|
|
| inventoriable cost | Cost incurred to purchase or manufacture goods. Also see product cost.
|
|
|
|
| manufacturing overhead | All manufacturing costs other than direct-material and direct-labor costs.
|
|
|
|
| marginal cost | The extra cost incurred in producing one additional unit of output.
|
|
|
|
| mass customization | A manufacturing environment in which many standardized components are combined to produce custom-made products to customer order.
|
|
|
|
| operating expenses | The costs incurred to produce and sell services, such as transportation, repair, financial, or medical services.
|
|
|
|
| opportunity cost | The potential benefit given up when the choice of one action precludes selection of a different action.
|
|
|
|
| out-of-pocket costs | Costs incurred that require the expenditure of cash or other assets.
|
|
|
|
| overtime premium | The extra compensation paid to an employee who works beyond the normal period of time.
|
|
|
|
| period costs | Costs that are expensed during the time period in which they are incurred.
|
|
|
|
| prime costs | The costs of direct material and direct labor.
|
|
|
|
| product cost | Cost associated with goods for sale until the time period during which the products are sold, at which time the costs become expenses. See also inventoriable cost.
|
|
|
|
| raw material | Material entered into a manufacturing process.
|
|
|
|
| schedule of cost of goods manufactured | A detailed schedule showing the manufacturing costs incurred during an accounting period and the change in work-in-process inventory.
|
|
|
|
| schedule of cost of goods sold | A detailed schedule showing the cost of goods sold and the change in finished-goods inventory during an accounting period.
|
|
|
|
| service (or support) departments | Subunits in an organization that are not involved directly in producing the organization's output of goods or services.
|
|
|
|
| sunk costs | Costs that were incurred in the past and cannot be altered by any current or future decision.
|
|
|
|
| variable cost | A cost that changes in total in direct proportion to a change in an organization's activity.
|
|
|
|
| work in process | Partially completed products that are not yet ready for sale.
|