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| 1 | |
Emotion is a mixture of: |
| | A) | unconscious and universal processes. |
| | B) | conscious experience and unconscious processes. |
| | C) | physiological arousal, conscious experience, and behavioural expression. |
| | D) | physiological arousal, unconscious processes, and behavioural expression. |
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| 2 | |
__________ represent the first language used by infants and parents. |
| | A) | Emotions |
| | B) | Facial expressions |
| | C) | Words |
| | D) | Gazes |
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| 3 | |
Carroll Izard (1982) developed the Maximally Discriminative Facial Movement Coding System, which is a system designed to measure: |
| | A) | attention. |
| | B) | emotion. |
| | C) | memory. |
| | D) | fear. |
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| 4 | |
Which of the following emotions develops before the others? |
| | A) | shyness |
| | B) | fear |
| | C) | surprise |
| | D) | Shame |
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| 5 | |
Which cry is a rhythmic pattern consisting of a cry, followed by a briefer silence, then a shorter inspiratory whistle somewhat higher in pitch than the main cry, then another brief rest before the next cry? |
| | A) | basic |
| | B) | Anger |
| | C) | pain |
| | D) | Colicky |
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| 6 | |
The __________ smile appears in response to an external stimulus. |
| | A) | social |
| | B) | internal |
| | C) | reflexive |
| | D) | universal |
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| 7 | |
Which of the following situations is most likely to produce stranger anxiety in an infant? |
| | A) | sitting on the mother's lap |
| | B) | meeting a stranger in a research laboratory |
| | C) | meeting a stranger in the infant's home |
| | D) | encountering a stranger who smiles |
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| 8 | |
Chess and Thomas believe the __________ temperament is the most common in children. |
| | A) | easy |
| | B) | Feisty |
| | C) | difficult |
| | D) | slow-to-warm-up |
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| 9 | |
The revised classifications of temperament proposed by Rothbart and Bates (1998) include all of the following EXCEPT: |
| | A) | positive affect and approach. |
| | B) | negative affectivity. |
| | C) | emotionality. |
| | D) | effortful control. |
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| 10 | |
According to Erikson, infants are in the __________ stage of development. |
| | A) | industry vs. inferiority |
| | B) | generativity vs. stagnation |
| | C) | initiative vs. guilt |
| | D) | trust vs. mistrust |
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| 11 | |
The human infant learns to recognize his or her image in a mirror at approximately ____ months. |
| | A) | 2 |
| | B) | 6 |
| | C) | 9 |
| | D) | 18 |
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| 12 | |
The research of Harry Harlow and Robert Zimmerman (1959) found that the critical element in the attachment process is: |
| | A) | oral satisfaction. |
| | B) | contact comfort. |
| | C) | feeding the infant. |
| | D) | consistent interaction. |
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| 13 | |
The stage that Erik Erikson believed is most relevant to the formation of attachment is the __________ stage. |
| | A) | anal |
| | B) | phallic |
| | C) | trust versus mistrust |
| | D) | autonomy versus shame and doubt |
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| 14 | |
Randy, a normal infant, now has increased locomotor skills, so he actively seeks contact with his mother and father. Randy is in phase ____ of attachment. |
| | A) | 1 |
| | B) | 2 |
| | C) | 3 |
| | D) | 4 |
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| 15 | |
A baby who is dazed, confused, and fearful when placed in the Strange Situation is BEST described as: |
| | A) | insecure avoidant. |
| | B) | insecure disorganized. |
| | C) | insecure resistant. |
| | D) | insecure ambivalent. |
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| 16 | |
Mary Ainsworth believes that attachment security depends on: |
| | A) | how sensitive and responsive the caregiver is to infant signals. |
| | B) | the mother's love and concern for the welfare of her child. |
| | C) | the consistency of parental responses during the child-care routine. |
| | D) | reinforcement of attachment behaviours by the caregiver. |
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| 17 | |
You are asked to babysit your niece for the evening. When the parents put the child down so they can finish getting dressed, she heads toward her toys while she watches her parents find their coats. Your niece is demonstrating which kind of attachment? |
| | A) | secure |
| | B) | avoidant |
| | C) | resistant |
| | D) | disorganized |
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| 18 | |
Jerome Kagan has emphasized the importance of __________ as a determinant of social competence. |
| | A) | bonding |
| | B) | temperament |
| | C) | peer responsiveness |
| | D) | learning |
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| 19 | |
Reciprocal socialization is best defined in which of the following ways? |
| | A) | Children are products of their parents' socialization techniques. |
| | B) | Parents are products of their children's socialization techniques. |
| | C) | Socialization is bi-directional. |
| | D) | The interactions that children have with people other than their parents determine how they will be socialized. |
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| 20 | |
Studies of reciprocal socialization during infancy reveal that __________ plays an important role in socialization. |
| | A) | breast-feeding |
| | B) | mutual gaze |
| | C) | trust |
| | D) | attachment |
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| 21 | |
Marianne and her father represent a __________ subsystem of the family. |
| | A) | dyadic |
| | B) | Micro |
| | C) | macro |
| | D) | polyadic |
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| 22 | |
Which country has one of the most extensive policies permitting parental leave? |
| | A) | Norway |
| | B) | Spain |
| | C) | Israel |
| | D) | Sweden |
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| 23 | |
In his research concerning the effects of child care on children, Kagan has found that in the experimental program at Harvard: |
| | A) | the daycare centre did not include a pediatrician. |
| | B) | the director was also a teacher. |
| | C) | the teacher-infant ration was 1:6. |
| | D) | the teachers and aides were trained to provide a safe environment. |
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| 24 | |
Quality daycare, as proposed by several Canadian researchers, is based on ALL BUT which of the following elements? |
| | A) | well-trained stable staff |
| | B) | a high adult-child ratio and small group sizes |
| | C) | positive adult-child and child-child interactions |
| | D) | provincial, rather than national, standards |
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| 25 | |
Andrea wants to put 2-1/2-year-old Jessica in a high-quality daycare setting. Therefore, she should try and find a daycare that puts children of this age into groups that include no more than ____ children. |
| | A) | 6 |
| | B) | 8 |
| | C) | 10 |
| | D) | 12 |
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