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| 1 | |
Erik Erikson believed that which final life-cycle stage characterizes late adulthood? |
| | A) | integrity versus despair |
| | B) | trust versus mistrust |
| | C) | generativity versus stagnation |
| | D) | intimacy versus isolation |
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| 2 | |
Older adults who have derived part of their identity from their physical appearance are going to have the most difficult time with Peck's _______ developmental stage. |
| | A) | differentiation versus role preoccupation |
| | B) | ego transcendence versus ego preoccupation |
| | C) | keeping the meaning versus rigidity |
| | D) | body transcendence versus body preoccupation |
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| 3 | |
Which of the following developmental tasks, according to Robert Peck (1968), requires older adults to face and accept the reality of death and the value of their lives? |
| | A) | life review versus life satisfaction |
| | B) | differentiation versus role preoccupation |
| | C) | body transcendence versus body preoccupation |
| | D) | ego transcendence versus ego preoccupation |
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| 4 | |
Which is the LEAST likely outcome of life review? |
| | A) | increased fear of death |
| | B) | the discovery of the meaning of one's life |
| | C) | a new sense of self |
| | D) | an opportunity to share insights with significant others |
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| 5 | |
Those who adopt a disengagement theory of aging believe that: |
| | A) | as older adults slow down, they gradually withdraw from society. |
| | B) | the more active adults are, the less likely they will age. |
| | C) | the more active adults are, the more satisfied they will be. |
| | D) | reduced social interaction leads to decreased satisfaction with life. |
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| 6 | |
When Rosaria sold her business and retired, she gradually became less active and began to withdraw from society. This is an example of the __________ theory of aging. |
| | A) | activity |
| | B) | life review |
| | C) | life satisfaction |
| | D) | disengagement |
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| 7 | |
Omar, an older retired adult who maintains his interest in friends, gold, and the stock market, illustrates which theory of aging? |
| | A) | engagement |
| | B) | disengagement |
| | C) | activity |
| | D) | social construction |
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| 8 | |
Activity theory holds that when one of an older person's roles is taken away, the individual should: |
| | A) | withdraw from society. |
| | B) | become self-preoccupied. |
| | C) | lessen emotional ties with others. |
| | D) | find a replacement role. |
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| 9 | |
According to socio-emotional selectivity theory, older adults narrow their social circles: |
| | A) | because they are preparing for death. |
| | B) | to have social partners who satisfy their emotional needs. |
| | C) | because it is more difficult for them to maintain large social networks. |
| | D) | as they become increasingly depressed. |
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| 10 | |
Socio-emotional selectivity theory argues that older adults deliberately withdraw from social contact with: |
| | A) | individuals peripheral to their lives. |
| | B) | close friends. |
| | C) | family members. |
| | D) | all but a few close family members and health-care professionals. |
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| 11 | |
Research assessing the emotional life of adults found that: |
| | A) | the emotional life of older adults is more positive than once believed. |
| | B) | positive emotions were highest in younger adults. |
| | C) | negative emotions were lowest in early adulthood. |
| | D) | negative emotions were highest in late adulthood. |
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| 12 | |
According to the optimization component of the selective optimization with compensation model, a 70-year-old secretary who complains about her poor eyesight interfering with her proofreading skills should: |
| | A) | use positive affirmations to remind herself of her excellent skills in the past. |
| | B) | just accept the fact that she cannot perform the way she used to. |
| | C) | practice grammar and spell-checking during her off-time. |
| | D) | quit her job. |
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| 13 | |
In a cross-sectional study of the personal life investments of adults, the most important personal investment for 85 to 105-year-olds was their: |
| | A) | family. |
| | B) | independence. |
| | C) | friends. |
| | D) | health. |
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| 14 | |
Which of the following is NOT true when older workers are compared with younger workers? |
| | A) | Older workers have better attendance records. |
| | B) | Older workers have fewer accidents. |
| | C) | Older workers have more disabling injuries. |
| | D) | Older workers have increased job satisfaction. |
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| 15 | |
___________ is a term that is defined as prejudice against others because of their age, especially prejudice against older adults. |
| | A) | Scapegoating |
| | B) | Ageism |
| | C) | The generation gap |
| | D) | Senility |
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| 16 | |
All of the following are examples of ageism EXCEPT: |
| | A) | not being hired for a new job. |
| | B) | when older couples holding hands are labelled as "cute" and "adorable." |
| | C) | when older adults are asked to serve as "grandparents" for teenage parents. |
| | D) | being eased out of their jobs because they are perceived as feebleminded. |
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| 17 | |
The increased number of adults living to an older age has led to active efforts to do all of the following EXCEPT: |
| | A) | improve society's image of the elderly. |
| | B) | obtain better living conditions for older adults. |
| | C) | find suitable employment for older adults. |
| | D) | gain political clout. |
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| 18 | |
In Canada, the "common sense" view of escalating health-care costs has focused on: |
| | A) | the cost of operating hospitals. |
| | B) | an increasing aged population. |
| | C) | paying physicians. |
| | D) | the rising cost of new drugs. |
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| 19 | |
One special concern over the current medical system is that it is ____________ oriented, while most elderly health problems are ____________. |
| | A) | care/chronic |
| | B) | care/acute |
| | C) | cure/chronic. |
| | D) | cure/acute. |
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| 20 | |
Due to the increase in chronic illnesses as people age, many older people are cared for in their homes. This necessitates: |
| | A) | more health care assistance. |
| | B) | cooperation among health-care professionals, patients, and family members. |
| | C) | that doctors return to the practice of making house calls. |
| | D) | improved facilities for placing elders so their adult children can live their lives. |
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| 21 | |
Problems with eldercare include all of the following EXCEPT: |
| | A) | age of the persons giving the care. |
| | B) | the increasing number of women in the job market. |
| | C) | lack of cooperation from medical professionals. |
| | D) | illness of many of the persons giving the care. |
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| 22 | |
A policy issue that focuses on the greater amount of resources received by the elderly compared to those received by younger adults is referred to as: |
| | A) | generational inequity. |
| | B) | eldercare. |
| | C) | ageism. |
| | D) | role preoccupation. |
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| 23 | |
In stating that it is a disgrace to an affluent society such as ours that we have such large numbers of poor children, Bernice Neugarten (1988) stresses: |
| | A) | we must reassess the sums of money going to the elderly, and reallocate some of those funds to children. |
| | B) | the only way to meet the needs of both our youth and our elders is to reallocate funds from other social programs. |
| | C) | the elderly have already lived their lives; it is the children who need the funds to have a better chance to succeed. |
| | D) | the problem should not be viewed as one of generational equity, but a shortcoming in our economic and social policies. |
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| 24 | |
According to the text, many older adults participate in unpaid work for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: |
| | A) | productive activity. |
| | B) | relief from boredom. |
| | C) | social interaction. |
| | D) | a positive identity. |
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| 25 | |
In Canada, mandatory retirement occurs for most workers: |
| | A) | before age 65. |
| | B) | after age 65. |
| | C) | at age 65. |
| | D) | never, because there is no mandatory retirement age. |
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| 26 | |
In Europe: |
| | A) | many of the capitalist countries are attempting to encourage early retirement, while the former Communist countries are trying to encourage older adults to continue working. |
| | B) | many of the former Communist countries are attempting to encourage early retirement, while the capitalist countries are trying to encourage older adults to continue working. |
| | C) | many capitalist and former Communist countries are attempting to encourage early retirement. |
| | D) | many capitalist and former Communist countries are attempting to encourage older adults to continue working. |
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| 27 | |
Which retiree would be expected to have the POOREST adjustment to retirement? |
| | A) | Zachary, a Ph.D. in sociology, who has been saving for retirement for the past 30 years |
| | B) | Yoel, a widower who has worked in a minimum-wage construction job since high school graduation |
| | C) | Xanath, an interior decorator who has decided to move to France to attend art school at the Sorbonne |
| | D) | Wilma, a widow who volunteers as a guide at the art museum |
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| 28 | |
Since 1980, the incomes of persons 65 and over have: |
| | A) | increased steadily. |
| | B) | decreased slightly. |
| | C) | decreased dramatically. |
| | D) | remained consistent. |
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| 29 | |
Regarding living arrangements, the majority of older adults: |
| | A) | live in institutions. |
| | B) | live alone. |
| | C) | live with family members. |
| | D) | prefer to be dependent on others. |
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| 30 | |
The majority of elderly adults prefer to live: |
| | A) | alone or with spouses. |
| | B) | with an adult child or other relative. |
| | C) | in a retirement community. |
| | D) | in an institution. |
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| 31 | |
Retirement seems to lead to greatest changes in a: |
| | A) | "traditional" family with a working male and a homemaking female. |
| | B) | family where both spouses work and retire at the same time. |
| | C) | family in which both spouses work, but retire at different times. |
| | D) | single-parent household. |
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| 32 | |
The traditional older couple adjusts best to retirement when: |
| | A) | the husband gets a part-time job. |
| | B) | the wife gets a part-time job. |
| | C) | both members of the couple become more expressive. |
| | D) | both members of the couple become more independent. |
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| 33 | |
Regarding their relationship with grandchildren, most grandparents report that: |
| | A) | grandchildren these days show little respect for their elders. |
| | B) | grandfathers are more satisfied than grandmothers. |
| | C) | older grandparents, compared with younger grandparents, are more likely to be strict with their grandchildren. |
| | D) | grandparenting is less difficult than parenting. |
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| 34 | |
Which of the following facts about grandparents is TRUE? |
| | A) | Grandfathers are more satisfied with the grandparenting role than grandmothers. |
| | B) | Younger grandparents are less willing to care for grandchildren than older grandparents. |
| | C) | Paternal grandparents spend less time with their grandchildren than material grandparents. |
| | D) | About 50 percent of grandparents say they are happy with their relationship with their grandchildren. |
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| 35 | |
In the __________ style of grandparenting, according to Neugarten and Weinstein (1964), grandchildren are a source of leisure activity, and mutual satisfaction is emphasized. |
| | A) | formal |
| | B) | fun-seeking |
| | C) | distant figure |
| | D) | nurturant |
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| 36 | |
Laura, an elderly woman, will be most content if she: |
| | A) | continues to make new friends. |
| | B) | has at least one close person in her network. |
| | C) | has social contact with family and friends. |
| | D) | increases her overall social activity. |
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| 37 | |
Older adults may feel more vulnerable to crime due to: |
| | A) | physical declines. |
| | B) | inability to crime proof their homes. |
| | C) | the fact that most neighborhoods they live in have deteriorated and become high crime areas. |
| | D) | large amounts of cash kept at home due to their general distrust of banks. |
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| 38 | |
Who is the best example of the concept of "triple jeopardy"? |
| | A) | Maximilian, who is 75 years old, White, and male |
| | B) | Martha, who is 75 years old, Aboriginal, and female |
| | C) | Carlos, who is 15 years old, Chilean-Canadian, and male |
| | D) | Yeh, who is 15 years old, Asian, and female |
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| 39 | |
Which 72-year-old has a characteristic that is NOT typically associated with elevating the status of elderly individuals within a culture? |
| | A) | Uri, who like most people in his country, will live to be about 90 |
| | B) | Henry, who controls his family's financial resources |
| | C) | Haing, who possesses information valuable to the welfare of his community |
| | D) | James, who is given more authority and responsibility in his company as he grows older |
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| 40 | |
The concept of ____________ is often used to describe perceived control over the environment and the ability to produce positive outcomes. |
| | A) | self-esteem |
| | B) | self-control |
| | C) | self-efficacy |
| | D) | self-satisfaction |
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