 |  School and Society: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives, 4/e Stephen E. Tozer,
The University of Illinois, Chicago
Paul C. Violas
Guy Senese,
Northern Arizona University
National School Reform: The Early Cold War Era
Professional Vocabulary- The American High School Today
- A book published by James B. Conant in 1958; popularized the modern conception of the large comprehensive high school and helped shape policies to make such schools the norm in urban and rural communities.
- community college
- A two-year college developed to provide local post-secondary education, largely for vocational purposes but also equipping some students to transfer to four-year institutions.
- Educational Testing Service
- Considerably influenced by James B. Conant; established in 1947 by the College Entrance Examination Board, the Carnegie Corporation, and the American Council on Education as a nonprofit center for administering the Scholastic Aptitude Examination and other higher education exams.
- GI Bill
- Act of Congress passed after World War II that allowed military veterans to attend colleges and universities at government expense.
- John Birch Society
- An extreme right-wing group particularly active in southern and southwestern states in the middle of the 20th century.
- life adjustment education
- An approach to public education popularized by Charles Prosser and others in the 1940s who thought that for students who were not college-bound, an education preparing them for their life roles as family members and consumers was appropriate; criticized as a "soft" curriculum in the 1950s and 1960s.
- McCarthy, Senator Joseph
- A rabid anticommunist congressman during the 1940s and 1950s; his vicious attacks on "communist sympathizers" and "fellow travelers" who were prominent in entertainment and the arts destroyed many careers and eventually his own.
- Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT)
- Founded in the early 20th century to provide a fair predictive tool for college success across secondary schools with different academic standards; has been shown to be of limited predictive value but remains in wide us in the United States.
- Slums and Suburbs
- Written in the early 1960s by James B. Conant after the success of The American High School Today to address educational differences between low-income urban neighborhoods and middle-income, largely white suburbs.
- Sputnik
- The Soviet Union's first human-made vehicle to orbit the earth in space (1957); preceded a similar effort by the United States and caused national concern over Soviet technological superiority.
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education