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1 | |
The first researcher to sequence a genome, in 1977, was |
| | A) | Todd Golub. |
| | B) | Frederick Sanger. |
| | C) | Craig Venter. |
| | D) | Stephen Fodor. |
| | E) | Gregor Mendel. |
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2 | |
The translated genes of genomes that encode proteins are referred to as |
| | A) | the open reading frame. |
| | B) | introns. |
| | C) | codons. |
| | D) | pseudogenes. |
| | E) | a gene microarray. |
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3 | |
The correct order of events for sequencing DNA is |
| | A) | amplify DNA fragment of unknown sequence; gel electrophoresis; heat; add four different chain-terminating chemical tags; mix with primer; computer analysis. |
| | B) | amplify DNA fragment of unknown sequence; heat; gel electrophoresis; mix with primer; computer analysis; add four different chain-terminating chemical tags. |
| | C) | amplify DNA fragment of unknown sequence; mix with primer; add four different chain-terminating chemical tags; heat; gel electrophoresis; computer analysis. |
| | D) | amplify DNA fragment of unknown sequence; add four different chain-terminating chemical tags; gel electrophoresis; heat; mix with primer; computer analysis. |
| | E) | amplify DNA fragment of unknown sequence; add four different chain-terminating chemical tags; heat; mix with primer; computer analysis; gel electrophoresis. |
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4 | |
Of the organisms that follow, what has the largest genome size? |
| | A) | the ulcer-causing bacterium, Helicobacter pylori |
| | B) | the malarial parasite Plasmodium |
| | C) | the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster |
| | D) | Baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| | E) | commercial rice, Oryza sativa |
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5 | |
What step of DNA sequencing is skipped during shotgun sequencing? |
| | A) | computer analysis |
| | B) | cloning of DNA fragment |
| | C) | primer reactions |
| | D) | mapping step |
| | E) | gel electrophoresis |
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6 | |
How is it possible that there are four times as many kinds of mRNA as there are genes in the human genome? |
| | A) | genes are distributed evenly over the genome and not all are used |
| | B) | human genes are fragmented and use alternative splicing |
| | C) | the human genome contains special introns that code for proteins |
| | D) | the human genome contains bacterial genes that are not accounted for |
| | E) | None of these is correct. |
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7 | |
Genes for typical single-character Mendelian traits are called |
| | A) | segmental duplications. |
| | B) | multigene families. |
| | C) | tandem clusters. |
| | D) | single-copy genes. |
| | E) | introns. |
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8 | |
The genes encoding rRNA are examples of |
| | A) | single-copy genes. |
| | B) | segmental duplications. |
| | C) | tandem clusters of genes. |
| | D) | multigene families. |
| | E) | noncoding DNA. |
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9 | |
What type of noncoding DNA tends to be localized around the centromere? |
| | A) | constitutive heterochromatin |
| | B) | structural DNA |
| | C) | repeated sequences |
| | D) | transposable elements |
| | E) | Both a and b are correct. |
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10 | |
What percentage of the human genome is comprised of structural DNA? |
| | A) | 1% |
| | B) | 10% |
| | C) | 24% |
| | D) | 20% |
| | E) | 45% |
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11 | |
What type of transposon jump is most likely to cause a harmful mutation? |
| | A) | long terminal repeats |
| | B) | retroposons |
| | C) | LINES |
| | D) | DNA transposons that copy themselves rather than RNA |
| | E) | ALU transpositions |
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12 | |
What percentage of the human genome is made up of repeated sequences? |
| | A) | 0% |
| | B) | 1% |
| | C) | 3% |
| | D) | 20% |
| | E) | 45% |
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13 | |
The type of transposons that have lost their signals for replication are |
| | A) | long interspersed elements (LINES). |
| | B) | dead transposons. |
| | C) | parasitic elements. |
| | D) | ALU. |
| | E) | retroposons. |
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14 | |
How much of the human genome is actual protein-encoding genes? |
| | A) | 1% |
| | B) | 3% |
| | C) | 95% |
| | D) | 20% |
| | E) | 45% |
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15 | |
Transposable elements make up what percent of the human genome? |
| | A) | 90% |
| | B) | 45% |
| | C) | 1% |
| | D) | 20% |
| | E) | 3% |
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16 | |
When comparing the genomes of a variety of organisms, what is most surprising? |
| | A) | how similar living organisms are to each other at the genetic level |
| | B) | how unrelated most genera really are |
| | C) | the striking number of differences between species |
| | D) | traditional taxonomy has accurately reflected the number of differences between organisms |
| | E) | None of these is correct. |
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17 | |
What proportion of the genes of the fruit fly Drosopholia have human counterparts? |
| | A) | less than 1% |
| | B) | about 5 to 7% |
| | C) | around one quarter |
| | D) | more than half |
| | E) | None of these is Correct:. |
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18 | |
The most effective way to analyze variation at the whole genome level is to use |
| | A) | frequency of tandem clusters. |
| | B) | number of transposons. |
| | C) | single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). |
| | D) | segmental duplications. |
| | E) | structural DNA. |
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19 | |
Certain bacteria genes are present in the human genome but are not present in the gernomes of roundworms or fruit flies. How could bacterial genes have become incorporated in the human genome? |
| | A) | retroposons |
| | B) | alternative mRNA splicing |
| | C) | lateral transfer |
| | D) | T-box |
| | E) | None of these is correct. |
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20 | |
What is true about the distribution of genes among the human chromosomes? |
| | A) | Genes are distributed proportionately among the chromosomes; the larger the chromosome, the more genes it contains. |
| | B) | Genes are not distributed evenly among chromosomes. |
| | C) | Genes are clustered about the centromeres of most chromosomes, but scattered randomly along the rest of a given chromosome. |
| | D) | The autosomes have few genes compared to the sex chromosomes. |
| | E) | The largest chromosomes have proportionately more noncoding DNA. |
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21 | |
The field of study involving the sequencing of the genomes of organisms is |
| | A) | proteomics. |
| | B) | molecular genetics. |
| | C) | bioinformatics. |
| | D) | genomics. |
| | E) | taxonomy |
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22 | |
Microarray gene chips will eventually be used to |
| | A) | screen for mutations leading to cancer. |
| | B) | identify carriers of genetic diseases. |
| | C) | identify probable behavioral traits. |
| | D) | Both a and b are Correct:. |
| | E) | A, B, and C are Correct:. |
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23 | |
The identification of the function of a gene in a genome can be accomplished using |
| | A) | functional genomics. |
| | B) | gene microarrays. |
| | C) | gel electrophoresis. |
| | D) | bioinformatics. |
| | E) | proteomics. |
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24 | |
Labeling a stretch of DNA according to its function is called |
| | A) | recombinant DNA technology. |
| | B) | functional analysis. |
| | C) | annotation. |
| | D) | screening. |
| | E) | promoting. |
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25 | |
The new area of science that seeks to catalog and analyze every protein in the human body in order to help understand the human genome is called |
| | A) | bioinformatics. |
| | B) | proteomics. |
| | C) | molecular genetics. |
| | D) | genomics. |
| | E) | None of these is correct. |
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