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Multiple Choice Quiz
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1

All of the genes and other DNA of an organism is called its
A)open reading frame.
B)genome.
C)intron.
D)multigene family.
2

Why was the first genome sequence considered a milestone?
A)It proved that viruses contained nucleic acids.
B)It proved that DNA could be isolated from a virus.
C)It showed the coding sequences for all the proteins produced by a virus.
D)It proved that the coding sequences within a genome could be located and identified.
3

How do we recognize where a gene begins within a long sequence of DNA nucleotides?
A)Most genes begin with the nucleotide adenine.
B)The process of trial and error eventually leads investigators to locate where a gene begins.
C)A gene starts with a three-nucleotide "start" codon.
D)Genes begin at either end of a DNA sequence, never in the middle.
4

When the first free-living organism, the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae, was sequenced in the mid-1990s, about what percentage of its genes were shown to have a known function?
A)about half
B)around 10%
C)nearly all
D)less than 1%
5

Why did the first organisms that had their genomes sequenced have comparatively small genome sizes?
A)Organisms that could be kept easily in the lab were the focus of early research.
B)Until the advent of automated DNA sequencers, researchers had to use organisms with small genomes because the procedure was very time-consuming.
C)Only organisms that reproduced rapidly were selected and these had small genomes.
D)It was only coincidental that the first organisms to be sequenced had small genome sizes.
6

What researcher proposed "shotgun sequencing"?
A)Todd Golub
B)Frederick Sanger
C)Craig Venter
D)Stephen Fodor
7

In the Sanger method of sequencing DNA, how does the researcher differentiate between the four nucleotide bases?
A)Each nucleotide base has a unique radioactive label and the results are read on X-ray film.
B)Each nucleotide base is fluorescently colored and a spectrophotometer reads the results.
C)Computers read the results of the gel electrophoresis.
D)Time-consuming chemical assays distinguish one nucleotide base from another.
8

How many genes constitute the human genome?
A)more than 1 million
B)4 Mb
C)about 30,000
D)46
9

What interesting or unexpected outcome(s) resulted from the Human Genome Project?
A)Genes are not distributed evenly over the genome.
B)A human gene is fragmented.
C)There are four kinds of mRNA as there are genes.
D)All of these are correct.
10

Groups of distinctly different genes that often occur together in a cluster are called
A)single-copy genes.
B)segmental duplications.
C)multigene families.
D)tandem clusters.
11

Whole blocks of genes that have been copied from one chromosome to another are referred to as
A)single-copy genes.
B)segmental duplications.
C)multigene families.
D)tandem clusters.
12

Which of these is not a type of noncoding human DNA?
A)structural DNA
B)repeated sequences
C)constitutive heterochromatin
D)None of these. All are types of noncoding DNA.
13

Bits of DNA that literally jump from one chromosome to another are
A)introns.
B)transposable elements.
C)pseudogenes.
D)tandem clusters.
14

What is true about variation within the human genome?
A)There is more variation among regional groups than between individuals.
B)There is tremendous variation among individual human genomes.
C)There is comparatively little variation between individuals.
D)Nothing is yet known of the variation within the human genome.
15

Comparisons of the genomes of different organisms suggests that
A)the larger the organism, the less noncoding DNA is found in the genome.
B)genes can amplify within chromosomes of a given organism.
C)there is no movement of genes between organisms.
D)genes have moved laterally between organisms.
16

The conservation of blocks of genes that have moved to different chromosomes is called
A)hitchhiking DNA.
B)lateral gene transfer.
C)conserved synteny.
D)gene expression.
17

Genome duplication has led to polyploidy in plants. What event(s) led to the genome in domestic wheat?
A)Transposons from bacteria combined with genes from a grass species.
B)Two allopolyploid events occurred in the grass species Triticum.
C)Two separate grass species exchanged DNA through sexual reproduction.
D)None of the above are correct.
18

A discrete collection of gene fragments on a stamp-sized chip is called a
A)reference sequence.
B)SNP profile.
C)gene microarray.
D)semiconductor.
19

What occurred when the development-regulating Pax6 mouse gene was inserted into a fruit fly genome?
A)The Pax6 gene was expressed and a fruit fly eye formed on the leg of the fly.
B)The Pax6 gene was evidently not expressed and nothing happened.
C)The normal fly eyes began to degenerate.
D)A mouse eye formed in the fruit flies.
20

A fast-growing new field of science that seeks to predict the structure of a protein from its nucleotide sequence is called
A)genomics.
B)proteomics.
C)bioinformatics.
D)None of these is correct.





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