Learning Objectives

After reading this chapter, the student should be able to complete the following goals:

Identify and describe Freud's structures of the psyche.

State the goal of a defense mechanism and provide examples of common defense mechanisms.

Identify and describe the developmental stages in Freud's theory.

State Erikson's meaning of crisis and describe the eight stages of psychosocial development.

Identify and explain key concepts of Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

Describe the input and significance of culture in development.

Examine the role of social processes in Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development.

Explain the role of reinforcement, punishment, and extinction in Skinner's behavioral theory.

Examine Bandura's social (cognitive) learning theory.

Define the levels of interactive influences in development.

Describe developmental contextualism and the four major forces involved.

Briefly discuss life course theory and evolutionary developmental psychology.

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