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Human Development Across the Lifespan Cover Image
Human Development Across the Lifespan, 5/e
John S. Dacey, Boston College
John F. Travers, Boston College
Late Adulthood
Dying and Spirituality

Outline

  1. The role of death in life
    1. What is death?
    2. Leading causes of death in the United States
    3. Four types of death
      1. Clinical death
      2. Brain death
      3. Biological death
      4. Social death
    4. The legal definition of death
      1. Criteria for legal death
      2. Organ donation
      3. Ethical problem of maintaining life with support of technical equipment
    5. Dealing successfully with the death of others
      1. Causes of lower mortality in modern Western societies
    6. Grief work
      1. Therapeutic consequences when forewarned of an impending death
      2. Four phases in anticipatory grief
        1. Avoiding shock and fear
        2. Making future plans
        3. Expressing thoughts and feelings
        4. Time to prepare for changes
    7. Pathological grieving
      1. Delayed reaction
      2. Distorted reaction
      3. Pathological mourning
    8. The role of grief
      1. Cultural differences
      2. Refutation of widely held beliefs
    9. The role of the funeral
    10. Dealing successfully with one's own death
      1. Cognitive withdrawal
      2. Kübler-Ross's stages of dying
      3. Saunders's stages of dying
  2. Suicide: the rejection of life
    1. The overall picture
      1. Suicide rates
    2. The influence of gender on suicide
      1. Higher suicide rate for males
      2. Higher rates of failed suicide attempts among females
  3. "Successful" dying
    1. The death with dignity law
    2. Physician-assisted suicide
    3. The hospice: "a better way of dying"
  4. Spirituality
    1. Religious participation
      1. Americans have always been highly religious
      2. Religious values become stronger with age
      3. Influence of religion appears to be related to a sense of well-being in elderly persons
      4. Spirituality appears to develop with age
    2. Frankl's theory of spirituality
      1. The somatic dimension
      2. The psychological dimension
      3. The noetic dimension
    3. Jung's theory of spirituality
      1. The first half of life
      2. The second half of life
        1. Anima and animus
    4. Wilson's theory of spirituality
      1. Sociobiological explanation of spirituality
      2. Religions develop through three steps
        1. Objectification
        2. Commitment
        3. Mythification
    5. Fowler's theory of spirituality
      1. Intuitive-projective faith
      2. Mythical-literal faith
      3. Poetic-conventional faith
      4. Individuating-reflective faith
      5. Paradoxical-consolidation faith
      6. Universalizing faith








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