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Table of ContentsSECTION I CRITICAL READING AND ANALYSIS
Chapter 1 Writers and Their Sources
The Writer in a Writing Course
The Student Writer’s Roles
Responses to Sources
Abraham Lincoln, “The Gettysburg Address”
The Personal Response
The Simplest Response to Content
The Analytic Response
The Judgment or Evaluation Response
The Research Response
Bruce Sterling, “Learning to Love Obsolescence”
Questions for Analysis and Response
Guidelines for Active Reading
Exercise: Active Reading
Rebecca J. Donatelle and Lorraine G. Davis, “Child Sexual Abuse”
Understanding Your Sources
Writing Summaries
Guidelines for Writing Summaries
Exercise on Summary
Sample Longer Summary: Aaron Dalton, “The Ties That Unbind”
Writing Paraphrases
Robert J. Samuelson, “Century of Freedom”
Questions for Analysis, Discussion, and Response
Acknowledging Sources Informally
Referring to People and Sources
William Raspberry, “The Real Pregnancy Problem”
Questions for Analysis and Discussion
Presenting Direct Quotations: A Guide to Form and Style
Bill Gates, “Beyond Guttenberg”
Questions for Analysis, Discussion, and Response
Writing Assignments Chapter 2 Responding Critically to Sources
Traits of the Critical Reader/Thinker
Examining the Context
Who Is the Author?
What Kind of Audience is Being Addressed?
What Is the Author’s Purpose in Writing?
What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?
Exercises: Examining the Context
Understanding Attitude
Denotative and Connotative Word Choice
Exercises: Connotation
Group Exercises on Connotation
Recognizing Tone
Group Exercise on Tone
Analyzing Style
Word Choice
Sentence Structure
Metaphors
Organization and Examples
Repetition
Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony
Quotations, Italicization, and Capitalization
Exercises: Recognizing Elements of Style
Dave Barry, “Remote Control”
Questions for Analysis and Discussion
Writing about Style
Purpose and Audience
Organization and Content
Manuscript Form
Ellen Goodman, “Choosing Families”
Questions for Analysis and Discussion
Student Essay: Style Analysis by Alan Peterson — “Goodman’s Feast of Style”
Recognizing Language Abuses
Jargon
Doublespeak
Characteristics of Jargon
Group Exercise on Jargon and Doublespeak
Combining Summary, Analysis, and Evaluation: The Review
Annotated Review: “Rediscovering America: John Muir in His Time and Ours”
Exercise: Analyzing a Student’s Review: Ian Habel, “Winchester’s Alchemy: Two Men and A Book”
Analyzing Two or More Sources
Guidelines for Preparing a Contrast of Sources
Exercise: Analyzing Two Sources:
Stephen Hunter, “Disney’s Digital ‘Dinosaur’: A Cretaceous Bambi”
Sean O’Connell, “Dinosaur”
John Leo, “Word Games We Play”
Questions for Analysis, Discussion, and Response
Ronald R. Fraser, “Let the Going Get Tough—We Have Our SUVs”
Questions for Analysis, Discussion, and Response
Writing Assignments SECTION II THE WORLD OF ARGUMENT
Chapter 3 The Basics of Argument
Characteristics of Argument
Argument Is Conversation with a Goal
Argument Takes a Stand on an Arguable Issue
Argument Uses Reason and Evidence
Argument Incorporates Values
Argument Recognizes the Topic’s Complexity
The Shape of Argument: The Aristotelian Model
The Shape of Argument: The Toulmin Model
Group Exercise: Building Arguments
The Language of Claims and Support
Facts
Inferences
Judgments
Exercise: Facts, Inferences, and Judgments
Exercises: Recognizing Assumptions, Facts, False Facts, Inferences, and Judgments
Richard Morin, “Paradise Lost”
More on Toulmin’s Guide to Argument
Claims: Claims of Fact, Claims of Value, Claims of Policy
Grounds (Or Data or Evidence)
Warrants
Backing
Qualifiers
Rebuttals
Exercises: Applying Toulmin’s Approach to Argument
The Languages of Argument
Argument or Persuasion?
Irony or Sarcasm?
Exercises: Readings for Analysis
Marie Winn, “A Commitment to Language”
Richard Leakey, “Extinctions Past and Present” Chapter 4 Types of Arguments: Classical Patterns and Current Approaches
Induction
Group Exercise: Induction
Deduction
“Declaration of Independence”
Exercises: Completing and Evaluating Deductive Arguments
Analogy
Exercises: Analogy
Zbigniew Brzezinski, “War and Football”
Arguments about Cause
Exercises: Causal Arguments
Pietro Nivola, “Pumps and Pocketbooks”
The Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument
Abigail Trafford, “On the Streets of Philadelphia, Prescriptions of Progress”
The Uses of Authority and Statistics
Judging Authorities
Understanding and Evaluating Statistics
Reading and Preparing Graphics
Exercises: Using Statistics and Reading Tables, Charts, and Graphs
Responding to Visual Arguments
Guidelines for Reading Political Cartoons
Guidelines for Reading Ads
Exercises: Analyzing Cartoons and Advertising
Arguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies
Causes of Illogic
Fallacies That Result from Oversimplifying
Exercises: Fallacies That Result from Oversimplifying
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue
Exercises: Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue; “Help Those Who Help, Not Hurt, Themselves”
Exercises: Analyzing Arguments “Beer Commercials Do No Harm”; “Death” (Student Essay)
Writing Assignments
Lester C. Thurow, “Why Women Are Paid Less Than Men” Chapter 5 Preparing Good Arguments
Knowing Your Audience
Who Is My Audience?
What Will My Audience Know about My Topic?
Where Does My Audience Stand on the Issue?
How Should I Speak to My Audience?
Understanding Your Writing Purpose
Moving from Topic to Claim to Support
Drafting Your Argument
Revising Your Draft
A Checklist for Revision
Guidelines for Preparing Specific Kinds of Arguments
The Investigative Argument: Gathering and Analyzing Evidence
Student essay: “Magazine Advertising for Computer Products”
The Position Paper: Examining Claims of Value
Student Essay: “Examining the Issue of Gun Control”
The Definition Essay: Debating the Meanings of Words
Student Essay: “Wisdom”
The Problem-Solution Essay: Exploring Public-Policy Issues
James Q. Wilson, “A New Strategy for the War on Drugs”
The Refutation Essay: Evaluating the Arguments of Others
David Sadker, “Gender Games”
Exercise: Analyzing an Argument
Robert H. Bork, “Addicted to Health”
Writing Assignments SECTION III THE RESEARCH PROCESS
Chapter 6 Getting Started and Locating Sources (In the Library, Online, in the Field)
Defining the Research Process
What Research Is
Types of Research Projects
What Does Not Count as Research
Stages in the Research Process
Finding a Workable Topic
What Type of Paper Am I Preparing?
Who Is My Audience?
What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints?
What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?
How Can I Select a Good Topic?
What Is the “Right Size” for a Topic?
Writing a Tentative Thesis or Research Proposal
Locating Sources
Preparing a Working Bibliography
Basic Form for Books
Basic Form for Articles
Knowing Your Library
Locating Books
Classification of Books
Outline of the Library of Congress Classification
Arrangement of Books on the Shelf
Using the Reference Collection
Basic Reference Tools
Using Indexes to Periodicals
The Reader’s Guide to Periodical Literature
The New York Times Index
Online Databases
Indexes to Academic Journals
Locating Government Documents and Related Publications
Searching the Internet
Basic Services and Functions of the Internet
Guidelines for Searching the Web
Doing Field Research
Federal, State, and Local Government Documents
Correspondence
Interviews
Lectures
Films, Tapes, Television
Surveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research
Exercises: Using the Library Chapter 7 Understanding and Evaluating Sources, Selecting Information, and Documenting (Using MLA)
Using Sources Effectively
Evaluating Sources
Guidelines for Evaluating Sources (including Internet sources)
Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism
Selecting and Noting Material from Sources
Guidelines for Note Taking: Cards
Guidelines for Note Taking: With a Computer
Guidelines for Note Taking: Annotating Photocopies
Guidelines for Writing Notes: Cards or Keyboarded
Format for Notes: Quoting vs. Paraphrasing vs. Photocopies
Avoiding Misleading Acknowledgment of Sources
MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Citations
The Simplest Patterns of Parenthetical Citations
Placement of Parenthetical Citations
Parenthetical Citations for Complex Sources
Preparing MLA Citations for a Works Cited Page
Forms for Books: Citing the Complete Book
Forms for Books: Citing Part of a Book
Forms for Articles in Journals
Forms for Articles in Magazines
Forms for Newspapers
Forms for CD-ROMS, Diskettes, and Magnetic Tapes
Forms for Online Sources
Other Sources
Exercises: Citing Sources and Preparing MLA Citations Chapter 8 Completing Your Research Project
Organizing the Project
The Formal Outline
Drafting the Paper
Planning Your Time
Handling Documentation as you Draft
Writing Style
Writing Good Beginnings
Avoiding Ineffective Beginnings
Composing Main Paragraphs
Writing Good Conclusions
Avoiding Ineffective Conclusions
Choosing a Title
Revising the Paper: A Checklist
Rewriting
Editing
Proofreading
Presenting the Results of Research Orally
The Completed Paper
Sample Research Paper: A Current Problem
Sample Research Paper: A Literary Analysis Chapter 9 Other Styles of Documentation
Author/Year or APA Style
APA In-Text Citations
APA Style for a List of References
Sample Paper in APA Style
Footnote or Endnote Style
In-Text Citations
Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Citation
Sample Footnotes/Endnotes
Footnote/Endnote Form: Short Forms
The Number Systems: A Brief Introduction SECTION IV A COLLECTION OF READINGS
Chapter 10 The Media: Image and Reality
Brandon Centerwall, “Television and Violent Crime”
Suzanne Braun Levine, “Caution: Children Watching”
Michael Grebb, “Feds vs. First Amendment”
Daphne White, “It’s Not Just a Toy, It’s an Indoctrination”
Gloria Steinem, “Lovely to Look Upon—or Else” Chapter 11 Euthanasia
Peter A. Singer and Mark Siegler, “Euthanasia: A Critique”
Sidney Hook, “In Defense of Voluntary Euthanasia”
Rosalyn Carter, “A Quality End of Life”
Peter Singer, “Rethinking Life and Death” Chapter 12 Guns and Society
Richard Harwood, “America’s Unchecked Epidemic”
Sarah Brady, “Gun Registration: It’s Common Sense”
Tanya K. Metaksa, “Sliding Down the Slippery Slope”
Osha Gray Davidson, “All Fired Up” Chapter 13 Capital Punishment
Ernest van den Haag, “The Ultimate Punishment: A Defense”
Hugo Adam Bedau, “Death Is Different”
George Will, “Innocent on Death Row”
Eugene H. Methvin, “Death Penalty Is Fairer Than Ever” Chapter 14 Censorship, Pornography, and the Arts
Nat Hentoff, “Expelling Huck Finn”
Mark Mathabane, “If You Assign My Book, Don’t Censor It”
Robyn Blumner, “Freedom’s Fair-Weather Friends”
Julia Wilkins, “Protecting Our Children From Internet Smut: Moral Duty or Moral Panic?” Chapter 15 Internet Issues: Privacy, Ownership, Entrapment
Peter McGrath, “If All the World’s a Computer”
Lawrence Lessig, “Technology Will Solve Web Privacy Problems”
Micahel Schrage, “E-Mail or E-Sting? Your Boss Knows, but He’s Not Telling”
Paul Kedrosky, “Napster Should Be Playing Jailhouse Rock”
Jenny Toomey, “Hear Me Play, but Respect My Rights”
David Gelertner, “Will We Have Any Privacy Left?” Chapter 16 The Animal Rights Debate
Jane Goodall, “Chimpanzees—Bridging the Gap”
Daniel W. McShea, “On the Rights of an Ape”
Richard A. Epstein, “The Next Rights Revolution?”
Joseph Bernstein, “Animal Rights vs. Animal Research: A Modest Proposal”
Timothy Sprigge, “A Reply to Joseph Bernstein” Chapter 17 Immigration and Immigrants
Leslie Marmon Silko, “The Border Patrol State”
William Norman Grigg, “Revolution in America”
Charles Krauthammer, “Saved by Immigrants”
George J. Borjas, “Illegal Aliens” Chapter 18 Issues in Education
Alan B. Krueger, “But Does It Work?”
Diane Ravitch, “Put Teachers to the Test”
Thomas Sowell, “The Dumbing Down of Education Is Becoming an International Trend”
Jackson Toby, “Cakewalk to College”
Katha Pollitt, “Affirmative Action for Men?”
Michele Tolela Myers, “Cyber U: What’s Missing” Chapter 19 Race, Gender, and Identity Concerns
Charles R. Lawrence III and Mari J. Matsuda, “Extending the Reach of Affirmative Action”
Gregory Rodriguez and Ronald Takaki, “California’s Big Squeeze” (Two responses to California’s Proposition 209)
Shelby Steele, “X-Percent Plans”
Anna Quindlen, “The Problem of the Color Line”
Cecelie Berry, “It’s Time We Rejected the Racial Litmus Test”
John Shelby Spong, “The Scouts Take Their Stereotypes to Court”
Lisa Mundy, “The Dissension of Species”Chapter 20 Examining Marriage and Family Issues
Patricia Dalton, “Daughters of the Revolution”
Barbara Ehrenreich, “Will Women Still Need Men?”
John Cloud, “Will Gay Marriage Be Legal?”
Lisa Schiffren, “Gay Marriage, an Oxymoron”
Betty Carter and Joan K. Peters, “Remaking Marriage and Family”
Linda J. Waite, “Social Science Finds: ‘Marriage Matters’”
Roger Rosenblatt, “How to End the Abortion War” Chapter 21 Global Issues: The Environment, Poverty, and the New Global Economy
George Philander, “The Uncertain Science of Global Warming”
Mark Hertsgoard, “A Global Green Deal”
Chris Taylor, “Why Mother Nature Should Love Cyberspace”
Greg Easterbrook, “Who’s Afraid of Globalization?” Chapter 22 21st Century Living: Where Are We Headed? Where Do We Want to Go?
Nancy Ann Jeffrey, “A Rude Awakening”
Mark Steinberg, “’Numbed’ Down in America”
Henry Fairlie, “The Idiocy of Urban Life”
Pico Iyer, “Are We Coming Apart or Together?”
David Gergen, “A Sense of Belonging” Chapter 23 Some Classic Arguments
Jonathan Swift, “A Modest Proposal”
Henry David Thoreau, “Civil Disobedience”
Elizabeth Cady Stanton, “Declaration of Sentiments”
Martin Luther King, Jr., “I Have a Dream”
Appendix: Understanding Literature
Getting the Facts: Active Reading, Summary, and Paraphrase
Paul Lawrence Dunbar, “Promise”
Langston Hughes, “Early Autumn”
Summary of “Early Autumn”
William Shakespeare, “Sonnet 116”
Paraphrase of “Sonnet 116”
Exercise: Observing Literary Types and Using Literary Terms
Seeing Connections: Analysis
Analysis of Narrative Structure
Analysis of Character
Analysis of Elements of Style and Tone
Drawing Conclusions: Interpretation
Writing about Literature
Exercise: Understanding Literature
William Shakespeare, “Sonnet 73”
Andrew Marvell, “To His Coy Mistress”
Thomas Hardy, “The Man He Killed”
Amy Lowell, “Taxi”
Kate Chopin, “Story of an Hour”
Ursula K. Le Guin, “Those Who Walk Away from Omelas”
Susan Glaspell, Trifles
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education