| action-specific energy | An internal force that motivates a specific action.
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| appetitive behavior | Instinctive or learned response motivated by action-specific energy and attracted to a sign stimulus.
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| A state | The initial affective reaction to an environmental stimulus in opponent-process theory.
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| B state | The opposite affective response that is elicited by the initial affective reaction, or A state, in opponent-process theory.
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| dishabituation | The recovery of a habituated response as the result of the presentation of a sensitizing stimulus.
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| displacement | In a conflict situation, the occurrence of a behavior unrelated to that conflict.
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| evolution | The changes in the physical and behavioral characteristics that occur over many generations when the environment of that species slowly changes.
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| fixed action pattern | An instinctive response that is released by the presence of an effective sign stimulus.
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| habituation | A decrease in responsiveness to a specific stimulus as a result of repeated experience with it.
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| ingestional neophobia | The avoidance of novel foods.
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| innate releasing mechanism (IRM) | A hypothetical process by which a sign stimulus removes the block on the release of the fixed action pattern.
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| opponent-process theory | The theory that an event produces an initial instinctive affective response, which is followed by an opposite affective reaction.
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| sensitization | An increased reactivity to all environmental events following exposure to an intense stimulus.
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| sign stimulus | A distinctive environmental event that can activate the IRM and release stored energy.
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| tolerance | Reduced reactivity to an event with repeated experience.
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| withdrawal | An increase in the intensity of the effective opponent B state following the termination of the event.
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education