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1 | |
Which of the following is NOT a reason the text gave to study children? |
| | A) | The more you learn about children, the better you can deal with them. |
| | B) | You may gain insight into your own history. |
| | C) | It is a requirement for such fields as nursing, psychology, and child development. |
| | D) | As a parent or teacher, you may have responsibility for children. |
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2 | |
Historical accounts of children indicate that: |
| | A) | child abuse is more prevalent in modern times than at any other time in history. |
| | B) | during medieval times, children were often depicted by artists as miniature adults. |
| | C) | childhood has been seen as a distinct phase of life only since the early 1950s. |
| | D) | children were treated more harshly in ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome than they are in Western countries today. |
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3 | |
Carlo and Lucia believe their role as parents is to help their children overcome their evil nature and achieve salvation. This indicates they accept which philosophy of child rearing? |
| | A) | tabula rasa |
| | B) | innate goodness |
| | C) | laissez-faire |
| | D) | original sin |
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4 | |
Since Marcel and Isabel adhere to the fundamental premise of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's "innate goodness" argument, we would expect them to: |
| | A) | reject the need to "teach" language since speech is inherited. |
| | B) | provide their children with little discipline or constraints. |
| | C) | view their children as intellectually indistinguishable from themselves. |
| | D) | believe their children's minds are like "blank slates" on which experience will write its lessons. |
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5 | |
Which statement is an outgrowth of the current view of childhood? |
| | A) | For crimes against society, children are more likely to be tried in adult court today than they were a generation ago. |
| | B) | More resources are available for the benefit of children than for any other age group in the United States. |
| | C) | Fewer resources are going into caring for children than a generation ago. |
| | D) | The government has provisions for helping children when ordinary family support systems fail. |
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6 | |
Santrock considers the past century special in terms of child development because: |
| | A) | several theories as well as techniques and methods of study help organize our thinking about development. |
| | B) | only within this time has childhood come to be seen as a special period of development. |
| | C) | the shift from direct observation to a philosophical perspective has opened new insights on human psychology. |
| | D) | our techniques for studying children have become more simplified, thus offering information that is easier to understand. |
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7 | |
The techniques developed within the past 100 years to study children include all of the following, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | Arnold Gesell's photographic dome. |
| | B) | Alfred Binet's tasks to study attention and memory. |
| | C) | G. Stanley Hall's questionnaires for large groups of children. |
| | D) | Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic studies. |
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8 | |
Jeremiah, a single father, wants to ensure his children's health and well-being. The two factors Santrock states were recognized as important by Asian physicians around 2600 B.C., by Greek physicians around 500 B.C., and again by developmentalists in the 21st century, are: |
| | A) | education and physical health. |
| | B) | lifestyle and psychological states. |
| | C) | diet and exercise. |
| | D) | communication and control. |
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9 | |
Tiffany Field (2001) found that massage can: |
| | A) | overstimulate infants, causing them to be hyperactive. |
| | B) | overstimulate infants, causing them to become ill. |
| | C) | facilitate weight gain in premature infants. |
| | D) | help mothers bond with their premature infants. |
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10 | |
Massiel, a single mother trying to keep her family together, has been interacting with Child Protective Services. She has personal risk factors of unemployment, drug dependence, and depression. According to the "Pyramid of Services," her situation is representative of: |
| | A) | most families in the United States today. |
| | B) | families needing some extra support. |
| | C) | families needing special assistance. |
| | D) | families in crisis. |
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11 | |
Santrock advises students that becoming good parents requires them to provide their children with: |
| | A) | strict discipline and control. |
| | B) | open communication and personal autonomy. |
| | C) | intellectual stimulation, physical well-being, and effective discipline. |
| | D) | a warm, supportive, safe, and stimulating environment. |
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12 | |
Bolger & Patterson (2001) found that maltreated children are more likely than nonmaltreated children to be rejected by their peers because maltreated children: |
| | A) | are more likely to act like victims. |
| | B) | are more likely to show aggressive behavior. |
| | C) | less attractive. |
| | D) | have poorer social skills. |
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13 | |
__________________ has/have been increasingly advocated as a strategy for improving the academic achievement of adolescents at risk for academic failure. |
| | A) | Mentoring programs |
| | B) | Tutoring |
| | C) | Summer school |
| | D) | Remedial classes |
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14 | |
An important issue to consider about ethnic minority groups in the United States today is: |
| | A) | their decreasing numbers. |
| | B) | increasing educational demands on minority children. |
| | C) | understanding and being sensitive to the great amount of diversity within each ethnic group. |
| | D) | increasing expectations for children from minority groups to participate fully in American society. |
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15 | |
The three important concepts involved in sociocultural contexts of development are: |
| | A) | context, culture, and ethnicity. |
| | B) | biological, cognitive, and socioemotional. |
| | C) | nature-nurture, continuity-discontinuity, and stability-change. |
| | D) | ethnicity, race, and religion. |
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16 | |
Culture refers to: |
| | A) | the setting in which development occurs that is influenced by historical, economic, and social factors. |
| | B) | the behavior patterns, beliefs, and other products of a group that are passed on from generation to generation. |
| | C) | one's heritage, nationality characteristics, race, religion, and language. |
| | D) | activities that only the elite members of a group are able to enjoy. |
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17 | |
A recent national study by the U.S. Department of Education (2000) found that: |
| | A) | boys' scores in math far exceeded girls' math scores. |
| | B) | girls had far better reading and writing skills than boys. |
| | C) | girls had far better science skills than boys. |
| | D) | boys had far better reading skills than girls, but girls had better writing skills. |
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18 | |
Marian Wright Edelman, president of the Children's Defense Fund, states that with respect to how well children are treated in industrialized nations, the United States: |
| | A) | is the highest ranking. |
| | B) | ranks among the highest. |
| | C) | ranks around the middle. |
| | D) | is at or near the bottom. |
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19 | |
The pattern of change that begins at conception and continues through the lifespan is called: |
| | A) | development. |
| | B) | maturation. |
| | C) | growth. |
| | D) | senescence. |
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20 | |
Which of the following would involve a cognitive process? |
| | A) | hormonal change at puberty |
| | B) | putting together a two-word sentence |
| | C) | an infant responding to her mother's touch with a smile |
| | D) | a mother caressing her infant |
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21 | |
What is TRUE concerning the biological, cognitive, and socioemotional processes? |
| | A) | Each is distinct from the others. |
| | B) | The cognitive is more closely related to the socioemotional than to the biological. |
| | C) | They are intricately interwoven. |
| | D) | They are more obvious in the early years than later in life. |
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22 | |
Penny is just beginning to use language and other symbols. If she is developing normally, we would expect her to be in which developmental period? |
| | A) | infancy |
| | B) | prenatal |
| | C) | perinatal |
| | D) | early childhood |
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23 | |
______________ typically marks the end of the early childhood period of development. |
| | A) | Walking without assistance |
| | B) | The emergence of the first word |
| | C) | First grade |
| | D) | The onset of puberty |
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24 | |
Malek is learning to read, write, and do arithmetic as he is being formally exposed to the world outside his family. He is in the period of development. |
| | A) | early childhood |
| | B) | middle-late childhood |
| | C) | pre-pubertal |
| | D) | adolescent |
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25 | |
Which period of development is characterized by establishing independence, developing an identity, and thinking more abstractly? |
| | A) | early childhood |
| | B) | middle childhood |
| | C) | late childhood |
| | D) | adolescence |
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26 | |
Anthony is six months old and has been diagnosed as retarded. His parents believe that providing intellectual stimulation and emotional support for him will increase his intelligence as well as his chances to live a normal life. They are proponents of the view of development. |
| | A) | nature |
| | B) | nurture |
| | C) | discontinuity |
| | D) | maturation |
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27 | |
Yeh and Li are from a traditional Asian background. They are more likely than persons from Western cultures to believe that: |
| | A) | early childhood experiences are critical in determining a child's development. |
| | B) | early childhood experiences are important, but can be offset by later experiences. |
| | C) | childhood experiences before age 6 or 7 have little importance compared with later experiences. |
| | D) | experiences throughout a person's life are critical to their ongoing development. |
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28 | |
Most developmentalists: |
| | A) | support the nature view of child development. |
| | B) | support the nurture view of child development. |
| | C) | see both nature and nurture as important, but believe later experiences are more important than early experiences. |
| | D) | believe it is unwise to take an extreme position on any of these issues. |
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29 | |
To teach child development and its related areas (e.g., psychology, education), most colleges require at least: |
| | A) | an associate's degree in child development and a minimum of two years work experience in the field. |
| | B) | a bachelor's degree and work-related experience. |
| | C) | a master's degree that involved approximately two years of graduate work. |
| | D) | a Ph.D. that involved a minimum of two years beyond the master's or five years beyond the bachelor's degree. |
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30 | |
The child developmentalist most likely to counsel parents and children when the children have school problems, and who will administer psychological tests to children is the: |
| | A) | school psychologist. |
| | B) | counseling psychologist. |
| | C) | child clinical psychologist. |
| | D) | social worker. |
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2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education