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1 | |
The Reggio Emilia approach to education assumes that children: |
| | A) | need structured programs. |
| | B) | are competent and have rights. |
| | C) | are little scientists. |
| | D) | need to keep switching activities to stay interested. |
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2 | |
The _________ stage is a time when stable concepts are formed, mental reasoning emerges, egocentrism begins strongly and then weakens, and magical beliefs are constructed. |
| | A) | sensorimotor |
| | B) | preoperational |
| | C) | concrete operational |
| | D) | formal operational |
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3 | |
Fundamental to Piaget's theory of cognitive development are ___________, internalized sets of actions that allow the child to do mentally what before they did physically. |
| | A) | logistics |
| | B) | schemata |
| | C) | operations |
| | D) | behaviors |
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4 | |
Zena has begun to scribble designs, telling her mother these are drawings of Daddy. She is also increasing her vocabulary and loves to play "pretend." She is in the: |
| | A) | symbolic function substage. |
| | B) | intuitive thought substage. |
| | C) | primary circular reaction substage. |
| | D) | sensorimotor stage. |
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5 | |
Wendy listened to her mother tell a friend how to get to their house. Her mother said, "Come south on Main, then turn left on Ash, then right on Cedar. We are the second house on the right." Wendy said, "No, you turn right on Ash," because from where she was sitting, Ash was to her right. Assuming Wendy's mother is correct, Wendy is demonstrating: |
| | A) | animism. |
| | B) | egocentrism. |
| | C) | centration. |
| | D) | conservation |
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6 | |
Tina's father told her she could only bring one doll with her to Grandma's house. After making her choice, Tina apologized to all her other dolls and added, "I'll pick another one of you next time-whoever behaves the best. This demonstrates: |
| | A) | animism. |
| | B) | egocentrism. |
| | C) | centration. |
| | D) | conservation. |
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7 | |
Five-year-old Aisha told you there is more water in a tall, thin glass than in a short, wide glass. You ask how she knows that and she says, "Because I do!" This response would indicate that Aisha is in the: |
| | A) | symbolic function substage. |
| | B) | formal operational stage. |
| | C) | concrete operational stage. |
| | D) | intuitive thought substage. |
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8 | |
Six-year-old Rahman was asked to sort a collection of plastic toy animals that was a mixture of black and white birds and mammals. As a typical preoperational child, he would be expected to: |
| | A) | make smaller piles of randomly chosen animals. |
| | B) | sort them according to just one of the features. |
| | C) | separate the mammals from the birds because they are animistic. |
| | D) | separate the toys into four categories: black animals, black birds, white animals, and white birds. |
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9 | |
Children in the preoperational stage have difficulties with conservation and classification tasks because of a characteristic called: |
| | A) | centration. |
| | B) | decentration. |
| | C) | seriation. |
| | D) | reversibility. |
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10 | |
Rochel Gelman suggests that children fail conservation tasks because they: |
| | A) | do not understand what they are being asked to do. |
| | B) | are not aware of relevant aspects of the tasks. |
| | C) | cannot mentally reverse the sequence of actions in the tasks. |
| | D) | do not understand why researchers are testing them. |
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11 | |
Which of the following questions is typical of the preoperational child? |
| | A) | "How many different piles of toys can I make from my toys?" |
| | B) | "How much is two plus two?" |
| | C) | "Where does the moon go when it's light outside?" |
| | D) | "Do you see the same thing I do, Daddy?" |
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12 | |
Lev Vygotsky believed that some tasks are too difficult for children to handle alone, but can be done with the help of someone more skilled. Such tasks: |
| | A) | fall into the zone of proximal development. |
| | B) | are difficult because they are not salient to the child. |
| | C) | are best taught by having the child observe a skilled teacher. |
| | D) | will be frustrating for the child and should be left to a time when the child can more easily accomplish them. |
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13 | |
The zone of proximal development (ZPD) is a measure of: |
| | A) | intelligence. |
| | B) | potential. |
| | C) | skill. |
| | D) | achievement. |
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14 | |
In terms of Vygotsky's approach to learning, changing the level of support to guide a child and fit that child's current performance level is: |
| | A) | guiding. |
| | B) | zoning. |
| | C) | scaffolding. |
| | D) | entraining. |
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15 | |
Which of the following reflects Lev Vygotsky's beliefs about language and thought? |
| | A) | Children who engage in high levels of private speech are usually socially incompetent. |
| | B) | Children use internal speech earlier than they use external speech. |
| | C) | All mental functions have external or social origins. |
| | D) | Language and thought initially develop together and then become independent. |
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16 | |
Vygotsky believed that language is most influenced by which of the following factors? |
| | A) | biological |
| | B) | social |
| | C) | personality |
| | D) | emotional |
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17 | |
According to Vygotsky, an institutional component that influences cognitive development is: |
| | A) | a child's interactions with a teacher. |
| | B) | watching educational programs on television. |
| | C) | the traditions of a child's ethnic group. |
| | D) | the use of computers to teach math concepts. |
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18 | |
In comparing Piaget and Vygotsky, although there are differences between them, both emphasize: |
| | A) | social interaction. |
| | B) | the child as a little scientist. |
| | C) | construction of knowledge by transforming, organizing, and reorganizing previous knowledge. |
| | D) | that teachers serve as facilitators and guides, rather than as directors and molders of learning. |
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19 | |
Compared to that of a toddler, a preschooler's ability to pay attention enables her to: |
| | A) | ignore unimportant but distracting details of a task. |
| | B) | habituate more quickly to repeated stimulation. |
| | C) | concentrate on an activity for longer periods of time. |
| | D) | pay attention to several things simultaneously. |
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20 | |
According to information-processing theorists, which of the following is NOT one of the developmental steps in children's thoughts about the human mind? |
| | A) | being aware that the mind exists |
| | B) | being aware that the mind has connections to the physical world |
| | C) | being aware that there is a true reality that will come to be understood |
| | D) | being aware that the mind can represent objects and events accurately or inaccurately |
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21 | |
Four-year-old Xavier says to his father, "Look Papa, I doed it!" This would indicate that: |
| | A) | Xavier is behind in his language development. |
| | B) | Xavier has been overly influenced by friends who are not in preschool. |
| | C) | Xavier's parents are teaching him inappropriate grammar. |
| | D) | Xavier has learned to use the rule that you add "ed" to make the past tense. |
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22 | |
In the English language, asking questions properly requires adding a wh word at the beginning of a sentence and: |
| | A) | inverting the auxiliary verb. |
| | B) | changing voice inflection. |
| | C) | inverting the gerund. |
| | D) | placing the primary verb at the end of the sentence. |
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23 | |
Good literacy programs for preschool children include all of the following, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | helping children avoid taking risks in their writing so they don't become frustrated or develop bad habits. |
| | B) | helping children perceive themselves as people who can enjoy exploring language. |
| | C) | integrating reading into the broad communication process. |
| | D) | having teachers and parents serve as models to emulate by effective communication, reading, and writing. |
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24 | |
Tamara is attending a school where education takes a holistic approach, including concern for her physical, cognitive, and social development. It is the process, not the "what," of learning that is emphasized. Tamara attends a: |
| | A) | Head Start program. |
| | B) | Montessori school. |
| | C) | child-centered kindergarten. |
| | D) | Reggio Emilia program. |
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25 | |
An instructor who uses developmentally inappropriate methods for teaching the alphabet would: |
| | A) | have the children recite the alphabet three times a day, every day. |
| | B) | use music to teach the alphabet. |
| | C) | use animal names and shapes to teach the alphabet. |
| | D) | use the sandbox to let children draw the letters. |
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26 | |
Project Head Start was designed to: |
| | A) | determine the feasibility of starting formal education at an earlier age. |
| | B) | assess the advantages and disadvantages of preschool educational programs. |
| | C) | give parents an educational daycare center. |
| | D) | provide low-income children with skills to help them succeed at school. |
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27 | |
Follow-up studies evaluating the effects of model preschool programs suggest that: |
| | A) | they are not cost effective. |
| | B) | for every dollar invested, taxpayers received about $1.50 in return by the time participants reach age 20. |
| | C) | some of the participants have excelled as students, but others have been unable to overcome their disadvantaged backgrounds. |
| | D) | there are an insufficient number of studies to provide any meaningful information about their value. |
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28 | |
In reviewing the influences of early childhood education Clarke-Stewart and Fein (1983) found all of the following for children who attend preschool or kindergarten, EXCEPT that they: |
| | A) | interact more with peers than other children. |
| | B) | are less cooperative and responsive to adults than other children. |
| | C) | are more confident, extraverted, assertive, and independent than other children. |
| | D) | are more polite and compliant to teacher demands than other children. |
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29 | |
According to David Elkind (1988), preschool: |
| | A) | is critical for the young child's socialization. |
| | B) | is unnecessary if home schooling approximates the experiences available at a competent preschool. |
| | C) | education should not begin until the child is socially mature. |
| | D) | can produce excessive stress and anxiety. |
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30 | |
The National Association for the Education of Young Children stresses that government officials and educators who promote universal school readiness should commit to the following, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | provide financial subsidies to low-income families. |
| | B) | address inequities in early life experiences. |
| | C) | recognize and support individual differences in children. |
| | D) | establish reasonable and appropriate expectations for children's capabilities on school entry. |
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2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education