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1 | |
In the opening story for this chapter, four-year-old Sara raised money for endangered species and helped feed the homeless. According to our text: |
| | A) | Sara was born innately good. |
| | B) | Sara's sense of morality and values were encouraged by sensitive parenting. |
| | C) | Sara was taught to do these things because her parents were extremely religious. |
| | D) | there is no clear way to know how Sara developed her sense of morality and values. |
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2 | |
Olivia's parents openly value Olivia's participation in family conversations. Although she often misunderstands the topic, they answer her questions, help her to join in, or simply enjoy her sometimes fantastic ideas. According to Erik Erikson, these parents are encouraging: |
| | A) | initiative. |
| | B) | conscience. |
| | C) | identification. |
| | D) | self-concept. |
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3 | |
Preschoolers most often describe themselves in terms of their: |
| | A) | thoughts. |
| | B) | physical characteristics. |
| | C) | emotions. |
| | D) | relationships to other people. |
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4 | |
Children show an increased ability to reflect on emotions by age: |
| | A) | 18 to 24 months. |
| | B) | 2 to 3 years. |
| | C) | 4 to 5 years. |
| | D) | 6 to 7 years. |
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5 | |
Mr. Pryor wants to help children in his first-grade class understand their emotions. Consistent with instructions in the Santrock text, he is likely to do all of the following, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | have the children challenge each other with respect to the way they feel about emotionally charged issues. |
| | B) | structure the physical environment of the classroom to help children learn about feelings. |
| | C) | use the arts center as a context for emotion conversation. |
| | D) | read and discuss stories and books with emotion themes. |
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6 | |
A major distinction between autonomous morality and heteronomous morality is that autonomous moral thinkers focus on the: |
| | A) | consequences of behavior. |
| | B) | intentions of someone who breaks a rule. |
| | C) | way a specific behavior makes them feel. |
| | D) | rewards moral behavior will bring. |
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7 | |
Piaget believed that the social understanding of autonomous children comes about through: |
| | A) | parental modeling. |
| | B) | what they learn in their educational settings. |
| | C) | biological maturation. |
| | D) | the mutual give-and-take of peer relations. |
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8 | |
According to social cognitive theorists, the ability to resist temptation is closely tied to the development of: |
| | A) | empathic behavior. |
| | B) | spontaneity. |
| | C) | abstract reasoning. |
| | D) | self-control. |
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9 | |
Which cognitive ability is essential to the capacity for empathy? |
| | A) | conservation |
| | B) | logical reasoning |
| | C) | decentration |
| | D) | perspective taking |
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10 | |
Gender identity refers to the: |
| | A) | biological dimension of being male or female. |
| | B) | social and psychological dimensions of being male or female. |
| | C) | sense of being male or female. |
| | D) | set of expectations that prescribe how males or females should think, act, or feel. |
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11 | |
Female sex hormones are called __________; male sex hormones are called ___________. |
| | A) | estrogens/androgens |
| | B) | testosterones/estrogens |
| | C) | androgens/testosterones |
| | D) | androgens/estrogens. |
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12 | |
Which of the following statements is MOST accurate about the psychoanalytic theory of gender and social cognitive theory with respect to gender role development? |
| | A) | Both assume that children adopt the characteristics of their parents. |
| | B) | Both assume that rewards directly shape gender role development. |
| | C) | Both assume that children actively acquire gender roles. |
| | D) | Psychoanalytic theory rejects the idea that anatomy is destiny, whereas social cognitive theory accepts it. |
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13 | |
In terms of parental influences on their children's gender development: |
| | A) | fathers are more consistently given responsibility for physical care. |
| | B) | mothers are more likely to engage in playful interaction. |
| | C) | mothers are more likely to be given responsibility for ensuring that their children conform to cultural norms. |
| | D) | fathers are more involved than mothers in socializing their sons more than their daughters. |
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14 | |
The tendency for children to show a clear preference for being with and liking same-sex peers usually becomes stronger during: |
| | A) | the toddler years. |
| | B) | the preschool years. |
| | C) | the middle and late childhood years. |
| | D) | early adolescence. |
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15 | |
According to Sadker and Sadker (1994), girls and boys might receive an education that is not fair in all of the following ways, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | boys' learning problems are not identified as often as girls' are. |
| | B) | boys are given the lion's share of attention in schools. |
| | C) | boys are most often at the top of their classes, but also are most often at the bottom as well. |
| | D) | pressure to achieve is more likely to be heaped on boys than on girls. |
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16 | |
When Del showed up at kindergarten with a barrette in his hair, Andrew got upset because he thought if Del wore a barrette he was a girl, not a boy. Andrew has not yet developed: |
| | A) | gender constancy. |
| | B) | gender schema. |
| | C) | sexual identification. |
| | D) | gender typing. |
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17 | |
All of the following characterize children of authoritarian parents, EXCEPT that they: |
| | A) | fail to initiate activity. |
| | B) | have weak communication skills. |
| | C) | are anxious about social comparison. |
| | D) | lack self-control. |
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18 | |
Mr. Williams was talking to Ms. Jones on the phone and they got disconnected. When he called Ms. Jones back, he explained that his daughter had cut the phone cord. Ms. Jones asked, "Didn't you see her with the scissors?" to which Mr. Williams replied, "Oh, we don't like to put limits on our children-they need to experience life to the fullest." It sounds like Mr. Williams is a/an parent. |
| | A) | authoritarian |
| | B) | authoritative |
| | C) | neglectful |
| | D) | indulgent |
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19 | |
According to the text, the most common form of abuse is by: |
| | A) | a raging, uncontrolled father who physically abuses his child. |
| | B) | an overwhelmed single mother in poverty who neglects her child. |
| | C) | an alcoholic socialite who emotionally rejects her child. |
| | D) | authoritarian parents who demand strict obedience to their rules. |
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20 | |
Developmentalists are now using the term child maltreatment rather than child abuse because: |
| | A) | child abuse is a legal term, not a psychological term. |
| | B) | they believe that changing the term is likely to reduce the incidence of abuse. |
| | C) | the term maltreatment includes several different conditions, not just abuse. |
| | D) | they want to be able to differentiate the two in terms of severity. |
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21 | |
Maltreated children are likely to develop which attachment pattern? |
| | A) | disorganized |
| | B) | avoidant |
| | C) | anxious |
| | D) | rebellious |
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22 | |
Research on the relationship between the role of parenting and children's development has demonstrated that: |
| | A) | parenting is primarily responsible for children's development. |
| | B) | heredity is primarily responsible for children's development. |
| | C) | parenting and peer relations are jointly responsible for children's development. |
| | D) | parenting, heredity, and peer relations are jointly responsible for children's development. |
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23 | |
Parent-child interactions are different from sibling interactions in all of the following ways, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | children interact more negatively with their parents than with their siblings. |
| | B) | children interact in more varied ways with their parents than with their siblings. |
| | C) | children follow their parents' dictates more than those of their siblings. |
| | D) | children may be stronger socializing influences on siblings than parents are. |
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24 | |
Parents are likely to treat their firstborns different from their later-born children in that they: |
| | A) | have higher expectations for later-born children. |
| | B) | put more pressure on the firstborn for achievement and responsibility. |
| | C) | interfere less with the firstborn's activities. |
| | D) | give the firstborn more attention than later-born children. |
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25 | |
To reduce the guilt parents feel when both work outside the home, a good suggestion is to: |
| | A) | rationalize. |
| | B) | pay closer attention to how their children are doing. |
| | C) | explain to their children why both parents need to work. |
| | D) | try to get split shifts so one or the other can be home with their children. |
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26 | |
You are going through a divorce and must talk to your children about it. Which of the following is a good recommendation? |
| | A) | Do not explain the separation because no matter what you say, the children are likely to believe it's somehow their fault. |
| | B) | Explain that it may take time to feel better. |
| | C) | Help them understand the divorce by being honest about your ex-spouse's shortcomings as well as your own. |
| | D) | Make a "clean break" by starting fresh and getting rid of as many reminders of the marriage as possible. |
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27 | |
It is more common for low-income families than middle- or upper-income families to: |
| | A) | use verbal praise. |
| | B) | use criticism. |
| | C) | use reasoning. |
| | D) | encourage questions. |
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28 | |
One of the most important functions of the peer group is to: |
| | A) | foster love and understanding. |
| | B) | act as a surrogate for the parents. |
| | C) | teach the importance of friendship. |
| | D) | teach about the world outside the family. |
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29 | |
Play therapy is based on the notion that: |
| | A) | play relaxes children and acts as a calming influence. |
| | B) | if the child feels less threatened, true feelings will be displayed. |
| | C) | the child will model adaptive behavior during play. |
| | D) | increased cognitive functioning during play allows the child to understand whatever problem is being experienced. |
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30 | |
Daniel Berlyne (1960) saw play as: |
| | A) | satisfying our need for pleasure. |
| | B) | satisfying our exploratory drive. |
| | C) | a way that children test out gender roles. |
| | D) | a way to survive childhood. |
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31 | |
Practice play differs from sensorimotor play in that practice play: |
| | A) | is common in the infancy stage of development. |
| | B) | involves improving the motor skills needed to compete in games or sports. |
| | C) | revolves around the use of symbols. |
| | D) | is done for its own sake. |
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32 | |
One conclusion that is evident about watching television is that: |
| | A) | children should not be allowed to watch television unless supervised by an adult. |
| | B) | there is no relationship between watching violence on television and aggressive behavior. |
| | C) | children who watch violence on television get it out of their systems and are actually less likely to fight. |
| | D) | children who view violence on television are more likely to engage in aggressive behavior. |
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33 | |
Aimee Leifer (1973) found television viewing to be associated with young children's: |
| | A) | hostile behavior. |
| | B) | capacity to use their imaginations. |
| | C) | prosocial behavior. |
| | D) | cognitive functioning. |
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2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education