John W. Santrock,
University of Texas, Dallas
| commitment | Marcia's term for the part of identity development in which adolescents show a personal investment in what they are going to do.
(See 541)
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| connectedness | according to Cooper and her colleagues, connectedness consists of two dimensions: mutuality (sensitivity to and respect for others' views) and permeability (openness to others' views).
(See 543)
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| crisis | Marcia's term for a period of identity development during which the adolescent is choosing from among meaningful alternatives.
(See 541)
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| cross-cultural studies | The consequence of a culture with one or more other cultures, which provides information about the degree to which development is similar (universal) across cultures or the degree to which it is culture-specific.
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| dating scripts | the cognitive models that adolescents and adults use to guide and evaluate dating interactions.
(See 556)
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| dismissing/avoidant attachment | an insecure attachment category in which individuals deemphasize the importance of attachment. This category is associated with consistent experiences of rejection of attachment needs by caregivers.
(See 548)
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| ethnic identity | an enduring, basic aspect of the self that includes a sense of membership in an ethnic group and attitudes and feelings related to that membership.
(See 544)
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| identity achievement | Marcia's term for adolescents who have undergone a crisis and have made a commitment.
(See 541)
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| identity diffusion | Marcia's term for adolescents who have not yet experienced a crisis (explored meaningful alternatives) or made any commitments.
(See 541)
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| identity foreclosure | Marcia's term for adolescents who have made a commitment but have not experienced a crisis.
(See 541)
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| identity moratorium | Marcia's term for adolescents who are in the midst of a crisis, but their commitments are either absent or vaguely defined.
(See 541)
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| individuality | according to Cooper and her colleagues, individuality consists of two dimensions: self-assertion (the ability to have and communicate a point of view) and separateness (the use of communication patterns to express how one is different from others).
(See 543)
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| juvenile delinquent | an adolescent who breaks the law or engages in behavior that is considered illegal.
(See 564)
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| preoccupied/ambivalent attachment | an insecure attachment category in which adolescents are hypertuned to attachment experiences. This is thought to mainly occur because parents are inconsistently available to the adolescents.
(See 548)
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| rite of passage | a ceremony or ritual that marks an individual's transition from one status to another. Most rites of passage focus on the transition to adult status.
(See 560)
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| unresolved/disorganized attachment | an insecure category in which the adolescent has an unusually high level of fear and is disoriented. This can result from such traumatic experiences as a parent's death or abuse by parents.
(See 548)
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2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education