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Applying the Concepts
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1

A high-speed electron ejected from a nucleus during radioactive decay is called a (an)
A)alpha particle.
B)beta particle.
C)gamma ray.
D)None of the above is correct.
2

The ejection of an alpha particle from a nucleus results in
A)an increase in the atomic number by one.
B)an increase in the atomic mass by four.
C)a decrease in the atomic number by two.
D)none of the above.
3

The emission of a gamma ray from a nucleus results in
A)an increase in the atomic number by one.
B)an increase in the atomic mass by four.
C)a decrease in the atomic number by two.
D)none of the above.
4

An atom of radon-222 loses an alpha particle to become a more stable atom of
A)radium.
B)bismuth.
C)polonium.
D)radon.
5

The nuclear force is
A)attractive when nucleons are closer than 1015 m.
B)repulsive when nucleons are closer than 1015 m.
C)attractive when nucleons are farther than 1015 m.
D)repulsive when nucleons are farther than 1015 m.
6

Which of the following is most likely to be radioactive?
A)nuclei with an even number of protons and neutrons
B)nuclei with an odd number of protons and neutrons
C)nuclei with the same number of protons and neutrons
D)Number of protons and neutrons have nothing to do with radioactivity.
7

Which of the following isotopes is most likely to be radioactive?
A)magnesium-24
B)calcium-40
C)astatine-210
D)ruthenium-101
8

Hydrogen-3 is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen. Which type of radiation would you expect an atom of this isotope to emit?
A)an alpha particle
B)a beta particle
C)either of the above
D)neither of the above
9

A sheet of paper will stop a (an)
A)alpha particle.
B)beta particle.
C)gamma ray.
D)none of the above.
10

The most penetrating of the three common types of nuclear radiation is the
A)alpha particle.
B)beta particle.
C)gamma ray.
D)All have equal penetrating ability.
11

An atom of an isotope with an atomic number greater than 83 will probably emit a (an)
A)alpha particle.
B)beta particle.
C)gamma ray.
D)none of the above.
12

An atom of an isotope with a large neutron-to-proton ratio will probably emit a (an)
A)alpha particle.
B)beta particle.
C)gamma ray.
D)none of the above.
13

All of the naturally occurring radioactive decay series end when the radioactive elements have decayed to
A)lead.
B)bismuth.
C)uranium.
D)hydrogen.
14

The rate of radioactive decay can be increased by increasing the
A)temperature.
B)pressure.
C)size of the sample.
D)None of the above is correct.
15

Isotope A has a half-life of seconds, and isotope B has a half-life of millions of years.Which isotope is more radioactive?
A)It depends on the sample size.
B)isotope A
C)isotope B
D)Unknown, from the information given.
16

A Geiger counter indirectly measures radiation by measuring
A)ions produced.
B)flashes of light.
C)speaker static.
D)curies.
17

A measure of radioactivity at the source is (the)
A)curie.
B)rad.
C)rem.
D)any of the above.
18

A measure of radiation received that considers the biological effect resulting from the radiation is (the)
A)curie.
B)rad.
C)rem.
D)any of the above.
19

The mass of a nucleus is always ______ the sum of the masses of the individual particles of which it is made.
A)equal to
B)less than
C)more than
D)Unable to say without more information.
20

When protons and neutrons join together to make a nucleus, energy is
A)released.
B)absorbed.
C)neither released nor absorbed.
D)unpredictably absorbed or released.
21

Used fuel rods from a nuclear reactor contain about
A)96% usable uranium and plutonium.
B)33% usable uranium and plutonium.
C)4% usable uranium and plutonium.
D)0% usable uranium and plutonium.
22

The source of energy from the sun is
A)chemical (burning).
B)fission.
C)fusion.
D)radioactive decay.
23

The energy released by radioactive decay and the energy released by nuclear reactions can be traced back to the energy that isotopes acquired from
A)fusion.
B)the sun.
C)gravitational attraction.
D)the big bang.





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