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Multiple Choice
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1

People have found the principle of uniformity difficult to accept because
A)they couldn't believe that the earth was over 4 billion years old.
B)they believed that geologic features were the result of catastrophic events.
C)they couldn't accept the idea that mountains and canyons could be the result of slow, uniform changes.
D)all of these are true.
2

The way a given rock responds to a stress depends on
A)its temperature.
B)how slowly or quickly the stress is applied.
C)the confining pressure on the rock.
D)all of these are true.
3

When subjected to stress, rocks at great depths and high temperature tend to undergo
A)plastic strain.
B)elastic strain.
C)fracture or rupture.
D)no change due to the great pressure.
4

A rock that experiences plastic strain in response to stress
A)returns to its original shape when the stress is relieved.
B)cannot return to its original shape when the stress is relieved.
C)cracks or fractures.
D)fails to reach its elastic limit.
5

An arch-shaped fold resulting from plastic deformation is called
A)an anticline.
B)a syncline.
C)a plunging fold.
D)an isoclinal fold.
6

The chief difference between a joint and a fault is that
A)a joint results from shear stress.
B)jointing takes place at much greater depths.
C)jointing involves breaking without relative displacement.
D)faults are vertical cracks, joints are horizontal.
7

Seismic waves are produced when rocks
A)undergo plastic deformation.
B)are exposed to compressional stress.
C)rupture or break under stress.
D)fold to form synclines or anticlines.
8

Which of the following statements about earthquakes is false?
A)Earthquakes usually occur along the boundaries between plates.
B)The difference in the time between the arrival of S and P waves gives a clue to the location of an earthquake.
C)Most earthquakes occur within the depth of the continental crust.
D)The location of the focus of an earthquake can be pinpointed by seismic readings from two stations.
9

If you are inside a building when an earthquake occurs, the best strategy is to
A)leave the building at once.
B)lie down in the middle of a room.
C)stand in a doorway.
D)take the elevator to the basement.
10

The point of initial rock movement along a fault during an earthquake is called the
A)epicenter.
B)focus.
C)strike.
D)fault zone.





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