The Test on Building Earth's Surface consists of 18 questions. Correct answers will be provided after your answers have been submitted.

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1		The basic concept needed to understand the principle of uniformity is
			A)	immense spans of geologic time.
			B)	the lack of sudden or catastrophic events.
			C)	an earth that has not changed since it was formed.
			D)	that catastrophic events formed all features on the earth's surface.
2		Rocks that are stressed by compressional forces, then return to their original shape have undergone
			A)	fracture strain.
			B)	plastic strain.
			C)	elastic strain.
			D)	mobile strain.
3		Rocks that are stressed by pulling forces, then bending in a way that they do not return to their original shape have undergone
			A)	elastic strain.
			B)	plastic strain.
			C)	fracture strain.
			D)	mobile strain.
4		Anticlines, synclines, and domes are evidence of
			A)	fracture strain
			B)	elastic strain.
			C)	plastic strain.
			D)	mobile strain.
5		Normal faulting is associated with
			A)	elastic strain.
			B)	plastic strain.
			C)	pulling-apart stress.
			D)	compressional stress.
6		Reverse or thrust faulting is probably the result of
			A)	pulling-apart stress.
			B)	compressional stress.
			C)	elastic stress.
			D)	plastic strain.
7		About 15% of all the earthquakes that occur in the world do not have a shallow focus and occur
			A)	around the Mediterranean Ocean.
			B)	in the State of California, U.S.A.
			C)	in a narrow zone around the Pacific Ocean.
			D)	equally distributed around the world.
8		Most earthquakes that occur worldwide are
			A)	near the surface along a fault.
			B)	deep, away from plate boundaries.
			C)	deep, but along converging plate boundaries.
			D)	near the surface away from plate boundaries.
9		In California the boundary between the North American Plate and the Pacific Plate is known as
			A)	Juan de Fuca zone.
			B)	San Andreas fault.
			C)	Cascade volcano zone
			D)	Pacific Plate Beltway.
10		Most earthquakes are explained by
			A)	the cooling and contracting of the earth.
			B)	the movement of rock blocks along faults.
			C)	an expanding earth surface from the creation of new crust.
			D)	rock slides in deep, subterranean caverns.
11		The place on the earth's surface directly above the place where seismic waves originate is the
			A)	origin.
			B)	focus.
			C)	seismoplace.
			D)	epicenter.
12		All seismic waves leave the focus of an earthquake at the same time, but some distance away the __?__ arrive first.
			A)	P-waves
			B)	S-waves
			C)	surface waves
			D)	none of the above.
13		The time lag between the arrival of S- and P-waves is needed from a minimum of how many recording stations to locate the source of an earthquake?
			A)	4
			B)	3
			C)	2
			D)	1
14		A very large ocean wave generated by an earthquake, landslide, or volcanic explosion is known as a (an)
			A)	tidal wave.
			B)	tsunami.
			C)	swell wave.
			D)	amplitude wave.
15		The magnitude of an earthquake is usually reported by numbers and each higher number means
			A)	10 times more energy.
			B)	an increasing level of awareness by people at the epicenter.
			C)	10 times more movement and 30 times more energy.
			D)	a doubling of the amplitude of a swinging pendulum.
16		One of the following was not formed by complex folding resulting from compressional forces.
			A)	Cascade Range
			B)	Appalachian Range
			C)	Rocky Mountain Range
			D)	Himalayan Range
17		The Teton Mountains of Wyoming and the Sierra Nevadas of California are classic examples of
			A)	fault block mountains.
			B)	compressional folding.
			C)	volcanic intrusion.
			D)	complex folding.
18		The volcanoes of the Cascade Mountain Range are
			A)	shield volcanoes.
			B)	low profile lava flows.
			C)	cinder cone volcanoes.
			D)	composite volcanoes.