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Parallel Exercises A
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  1. A grasshopper floating in water generates waves at a rate of three per second with a wavelength of two centimeters. (a) What is the period of these waves? (b) What is the wave velocity?
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  2. The upper limit for human hearing is usually considered to be 20,000 Hz. What is the corresponding wavelength if the air temperature is 20.0°C?
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  3. A tone with a frequency of 440 Hz is sounded at the same time as a 446 Hz tone. How many beats per second are produced?
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  4. Medical applications of ultrasound use frequencies up to 2.00 × 107 Hz. What is the wavelength of this frequency in air?
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  5. A baseball fan is 150.0 m from the home plate. How much time elapses between the instant the fan sees the batter hit the ball and the moment the fan hears the sound?
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  6. An echo is heard from a building 0.500 s after you shout "Hello." How many feet away is the building if the air temperature is 20.0°C?
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  7. A sonar signal is sent from an oceangoing ship and the signal returns from the bottom 1.75 s later. How deep is the ocean beneath the ship if the speed of sound in seawater is 1,530 m/s?
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  8. A sound wave in a steel rail of a railroad track has a frequency of 660 Hz and a wavelength of 9.0 m. What is the speed of sound in this rail?
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  9. According to the condensed steam released, a factory whistle blows 2.5 s before you hear the sound. If the air temperature is 20.0°C, how many meters are you from the whistle?
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  10. Compare the distance traveled in 8.00 s as a given sound moves through (a) air at 0°C, and (b) a steel rail.
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  11. A vibrating object produces periodic waves with a wavelength of 50 cm and a frequency of 10 Hz. How fast do these waves move away from the object?
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  12. The distance between the center of a condensation and the center of an adjacent rarefaction is 1.50 m. If the frequency is 112.0 Hz, what is the speed of the wave front?
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  13. Water waves are observed to pass under a bridge at a rate of one complete wave every 4.0 s. (a) What is the period of these waves? (b) What is the frequency?
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  14. A sound wave with a frequency of 260 Hz moves with a velocity of 330 m/s. What is the distance from one condensation to the next?
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  15. The following sound waves have what velocity?
    (a) Middle C, or 256 Hz and 1.34 m λ.
    (b) Note A, or 440.0 Hz and 78.0 cm λ.
    (c) A siren at 750.0 Hz and λ of 45.7 cm.
    (d) Note from a stereo at 2,500.0 Hz and λ of 13.72 cm.
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  16. What is the speed of sound, in ft/s, if the air temperature is:
    (a) 0.0°C
    (b) 20.0°C
    (c) 40.0°C
    (d) 80.0°C
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  17. An echo is heard from a cliff 4.80 s after a rifle is fired. How many feet away is the cliff if the air temperature is 43.7°F?
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  18. The air temperature is 80.00°F during a thunderstorm, and thunder was timed 4.63 s after lightning was seen. How many feet away was the lightning strike?
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  19. If the velocity of a 440 Hz sound is 1,125 ft/s in the air and 5,020 ft/s in seawater, find the wavelength of this sound (a) in air, (b) in seawater.
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