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Multiple Choice
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1

By using the experimental method, extraneous variables are kept constant either though ___________ or through ___________.
A)confounding randomization; blind experimenters
B)experimental control; randomization
C)random sampling; random assignment
D)the independent variable; the dependent variable
2

A variable that varies along with the independent variable is called a _________.
A)miscellaneous variable
B)secondary variable
C)confounding variable
D)psuedoindependent variable
3

When the results of an experiment can confidently be attributed to the effect of the independent variable, the experiment is said to have __________.
A)external validity
B)control validity
C)experiment validity
D)internal validity
4

Which of the following are two forms of the basic, simple experimental design?
A)pretest-only design; posttest-one group design
B)posttest-only; pretest-two group design
C)pretest-posttest design; single case design
D)posttest-only; pretest-posttest design
5

___________ is used to achieve equivalence between the groups of participants.
A)Random assignment
B)Random selection
C)Probability sampling
D)Simple random sampling
6

Whenever there is a possibility of mortality, it is best to use a __________ design.
A)pretest only
B)posttest only
C)pretest-posttest
D)longitudinal
7

Which of the following is a disadvantage to using pretests?
A)It may be time consuming and awkward to administer in the context of the experimental procedures being used.
B)It can sensitize participants to what is being studied and enable them to figure out the hypothesis.
C)Participants may react to the manipulation differently than those that did not experience the pretest.
D)All of the above.
8

A Solomon four-group design is
A)a combination of both the posttest only and pretest-posttest designs.
B)used when there are four independent variables.
C)used to assess the impact of selection bias.
D)a combination of random assignment and random selection.
9

Random assignment means that that decision to assign an individual to a particular condition is completely ___________ and ___________ the researcher.
A)systematic; controlled
B)random; beyond the control of
C)systematic; randomly controlled
D)random; systematically in the control of
10

There are __________ ways of assigning participants to experimental conditions.
A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
11

In an experiment examining the impact of noise on memory, participants were asked to recall a list of words in a noisy room and then were asked to recall a list of words in a quiet room. This is an example of a(an) ________________ design.
A)independent groups
B)Solomon four-group
C)repeated measures
D)counterbalanced square
12

A repeated measures design is __________ likely to detect an effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable than an independent groups design.
A)more
B)less
C)equally
D)just as
13

Which of the following is a type of order effect?
A)practice effect
B)fatigue effect
C)contrast effect
D)All of the above.
14

If there are 4 conditions in a repeated measures design, then the number of conditions in a Latin square is __________.
A)1
B)4
C)8
D)16
15

A developmental research design that examines age differences at only one point in time is called the __________ method.
A)cross-sectional
B)longitudinal
C)single-case
D)sequential





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