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1 | |
A person who experiences depressed mood and two other symptoms of depression for at least a 2-year period during which time the depressive symptoms do not remit for more than 2 months, would be diagnosed as having |
| | A) | double depression. |
| | B) | cyclothymic disorder. |
| | C) | major depression. |
| | D) | dysthymic disorder. |
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2 | |
With which subtype of depression would the person in the following case example be diagnosed?Richard, a 30-year old businessman, has experienced anhedonia for about the past month. He frequently wakes up very early in the morning, during which time his symptoms are especially debilitating. He feels extremely guilty about many things and has lost a significant amount of weight since the onset of his symptoms. |
| | A) | depression with catatonic features |
| | B) | depression with melancholic features |
| | C) | depression with psychotic features |
| | D) | depression with atypical features |
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3 | |
Which of the following statements is false about gender and age differences in depression? |
| | A) | Women are twice as likely as men to be diagnosed with depression but rates among children do not show this gender difference. |
| | B) | Rates of depression are highest among those between the ages of 15 and 24. |
| | C) | Possibly due to cohort effects, or an increase in coping skills with age, people age 85 or older show lower rates of depression than those aged 55-70. |
| | D) | An increasing number of children are developing depression by the time they reach mid-adolescence. |
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4 | |
Depression in children: |
| | A) | is more common than among adults. |
| | B) | is underdiagnosed because children manifest depression differently than adults. |
| | C) | involves the same cluster of symptoms as adult depression. |
| | D) | cannot meaningfully be diagnosed before age 14. |
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5 | |
In ____________, people experience more severe depressions and milder periods of mania. |
| | A) | depression with atypical features |
| | B) | bipolar I disorder |
| | C) | bipolar II disorder |
| | D) | cyclothymic disorder |
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6 | |
Which of the following is false about the role of genetics in mood disorders? |
| | A) | Family history studies have found that the first-degree relatives of people with bipolar disorder are 2-3 times more likely to have either bipolar or unipolar depression. |
| | B) | Family history studies have found that the first-degree relatives of people with unipolar depression are more likely than controls to have either bipolar or unipolar depression. |
| | C) | Twin studies have yielded more equivocal results for unipolar depression than for bipolar depression. |
| | D) | Fewer than 10% of the first-degree relatives of people with bipolar disorder will develop the disorder themselves. |
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7 | |
Which of the following neurotransmitters are implicated in mood disorders?| a. epinephrine | b. serotonin | c. acetycholine | | d. norepinephrine | e. dopamine |
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| | A) | b, d, e |
| | B) | a, d, e |
| | C) | b, c, d |
| | D) | b, c, e |
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8 | |
People with depression: |
| | A) | tend to have increased slow-wave sleep and move into rapid eye movement sleep (REM) earlier in the night than nondepressed people. |
| | B) | tend to have increased activity in the frontal cortex. |
| | C) | have less REM sleep per night than nondepressed people. |
| | D) | tend to have increased activity of the nondominant hemisphere. |
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9 | |
The part of the neuroendocrine system found to be hyperactive in people with depression is the __________. |
| | A) | cerebral cortex |
| | B) | hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis |
| | C) | cerebellum |
| | D) | dominant brain hemisphere |
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10 | |
Which of the following statements is true? |
| | A) | Women who have a history of depression are at increased risk for postpartum depression. |
| | B) | Women are more likely to develop depression at menopause compared to other times in their lives. |
| | C) | A large percentage of women experience increases in depressive symptoms during the premenstrual phase. |
| | D) | Women who have PMS have higher levels of estrogen and progesterone than women without PMS. |
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11 | |
Which of the following statements is true? |
| | A) | The reformulated learned helplessness theory dropped the notion of causal attributions and focused, instead, on perceived control. |
| | B) | The negative cognitive triad refers to negative views of one's self, the world, and one's childhood. |
| | C) | Depressed people overestimate the amount of control they have over situations that are actually uncontrollable. |
| | D) | A pessimistic attributional style is one that is internal, stable, and global for negative events. |
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12 | |
Which of the following is false about lithium? |
| | A) | Lithium is more effective at reducing the symptoms of mania than the symptoms of depression. |
| | B) | Most people who take lithium only do so during (or just prior to) a manic episode in order to prevent its side effects. |
| | C) | There are enormous differences between the rates at which individuals absorb lithium, which makes a proper dosage difficult to ascertain. |
| | D) | Lithium is often administered in conjunction with antidepressants. |
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13 | |
Physicians often do not prescribe ____________ to treat patients who might be suicidal because an overdose would be fatal. Physicians must prescribe _____________ very carefully because of their propensity to interact with a large number of everyday products, such as cheese, chocolate, or cold medicine. |
| | A) | lithium; anticonvulsants |
| | B) | tricyclic antidepressants; SSRIs |
| | C) | SSRIs; MAO inhibitors |
| | D) | tricyclic antidepressants; MAO inhibitors |
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14 | |
_______________ is an effective treatment for patients with severe depression, and may work by _____________. |
| | A) | Electroconvulsive therapy; resetting circadian rhythms. |
| | B) | Light therapy; resetting circadian rhythms. |
| | C) | Electroconvulsive therapy; increasing the number and sensitivity of serotonin receptors. |
| | D) | Light therapy; causing an acute release of monoamines. |
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15 | |
Regarding the effectiveness of treatments for depression, which statement is false? |
| | A) | Cognitive therapy, interpersonal therapy, and imipramine work about equally well for treating patients who are mildly or moderately depressed. |
| | B) | Maintenance doses of therapy that combine psychosocial and drug therapies are no more effective than drug therapy alone for preventing relapse. |
| | C) | Cognitive and interpersonal therapies are more effective than drug therapy at preventing relapse when the therapy is not maintained beyond the point at which the depressive symptoms lift. |
| | D) | Pill placebo treatments can significantly improve depression but are not effective at preventing relapse. |
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16 | |
A person who has experienced (for the past month) a loss of interest in his or her usual activities, in addition to psychomotor agitation, increased appetite, insomnia, and thoughts of committing suicide, would be diagnosed as having: |
| | A) | Double depression. |
| | B) | Biplolar II disorder. |
| | C) | Major depression. |
| | D) | Cyclothymic disorder. |
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17 | |
A behavioral disturbance in which one appears to be in a trancelike state, and one's muscles assume a waxy rigidity such that one tends to remain in any position in which one is placed, is known as: |
| | A) | Catalepsy. |
| | B) | Catatonia. |
| | C) | Apraxia. |
| | D) | Psychomotor retardation. |
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18 | |
A person who alternates between episodes of hypomania and moderate depression chronically for at least 2 years would be diagnosed as having: |
| | A) | Bipolar I Disorder. |
| | B) | Bipolar II Disorder. |
| | C) | Rapid cycling bipolar disorder. |
| | D) | Cyclothymic disorder. |
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19 | |
All of the following neurotransmitters have been implicated in unipolar depression except: |
| | A) | Glutamate. |
| | B) | Norepinephrine. |
| | C) | Serotonin. |
| | D) | Dopamine. |
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20 | |
The idea that life stress leads to depression by causing a reduction in positive reinforcers is known as: |
| | A) | Learned helplessness theory. |
| | B) | Reformulated learned helplessness theory. |
| | C) | Lewinsohn's behavioral theory. |
| | D) | Depressive realism. |
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