| health psychology | The field of psychology that uses psychological principles to encourage healthy lifestyles and to minimize the impact of physical illness.
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| stress | Any event or circumstance that strains or exceeds an individual's ability to cope.
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| frustration | The result of being unable to satisfy a motive.
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| conflict | The state in which two or more motives cannot be satisfied because they interfere with one another.
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| approach-approach conflict | Conflict in which the individual must choose between two positive goals of approximately equal value.
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| avoidance-avoidance conflict | Conflict in which the individual must choose between two negative outcomes of approximately equal value.
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| approach-avoidance conflict | Conflict in which achieving a positive goal will produce a negative outcome as well.
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| multiple approach-avoidance conflict | Conflict that requires the individual to choose between two alternatives, each of which contains both positive and negative consequences.
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| pressure | Stress that arises from the threat of negative events.
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| life events | Psychologically significant events that occur in a person's life, such as divorce, childbirth, or change in employment.
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| general adaptation syndrome (GAS) | According to Selye, the mobilization of the body to ward off threats, characterized by a three-stage pattern of the alarm reaction, the resistance stage, and the exhaustion stage.
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| immune system | The complex body system of defenses to illness, such as white cells and natural killer cells of the blood.
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| social support | The role played by friends and relatives in providing advice, assistance, and someone in whom to confide private feelings.
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| person variables | All characteristics of an individual that are relatively enduring, such as ways of thinking, beliefs, or physiological reactivity to stress.
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| Type A personality | The pattern of behavior characterized most by intense competitiveness, hostility, overwork, and a sense of time urgency.
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| coping | Attempts by individuals to deal with the source of stress and/or control their reactions to it.
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| defense mechanisms | According to Freud, the unrealistic strategies used by the ego to discharge tension.
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| progressive relaxation training | A method of learning to deeply relax the muscles of the body.
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