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1 | |
A prediction stating the likelihood that a certain event will occur is called a(n) |
| | A) | theory |
| | B) | operational definition |
| | C) | hypothesis |
| | D) | variable |
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2 | |
A scientist spends years collecting and carefully analyzing her research. She now believes she has a set of principles that accounts for a connection between attachment disorders and antisocial personality disorder. The scientist has formed a(n) |
| | A) | hypothesis |
| | B) | theory |
| | C) | law |
| | D) | representative example |
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3 | |
Which of the following conclusions uses an operational definition? |
| | A) | A third of all college students are sleep-deprived. |
| | B) | Thirty-three percent of college students get too little sleep. |
| | C) | Thirty-three percent of college students at the University of Minnesota report they sleep less than five hours a night. |
| | D) | College students at the University of Minnesota report they do not get enough sleep. |
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4 | |
You need to have a minimum of 1300 participants for your research study and your budget is rather modest. Which method would best suit your needs? |
| | A) | survey |
| | B) | formal |
| | C) | naturalistic observation |
| | D) | clinical |
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5 | |
Professor Hartjeh wants to study the interaction patterns of children from single parent homes versus those from homes with two parents present. To accomplish his goal, he visits a number of preschool programs and records the number of cooperative and the number of aggressive interactions between children from each family situation. Professor Hartjeh is using the |
| | A) | the formal experimental method. |
| | B) | the clinical method. |
| | C) | the survey method. |
| | D) | naturalistic observation. |
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6 | |
A correlational study is used to determine |
| | A) | the descriptive relationship between two or more variables. |
| | B) | the cause and effect relationship between dependent and independent variables. |
| | C) | the effect of experimenter bias on a study's outcome. |
| | D) | if the study used a representative sample. |
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7 | |
If every time behavior A occurs, behavior B also occurs, your correlation coefficient will be |
| | A) | r = +0.99 |
| | B) | r = 0.00 |
| | C) | r = -1.00 |
| | D) | r = +1.00 |
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8 | |
You have just analyzed the data from your study investigating the effects of sleep deprivation on reaction time. Your correlation coefficient is -0.72. What can you conclude? |
| | A) | Sleep deprivation decreases reaction time. |
| | B) | Sleep deprivation increases reaction time. |
| | C) | As the amount of sleep decreases, reaction time increases. |
| | D) | As the amount of sleep decreases, reaction time decreases. |
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9 | |
In a formal experiment, which variable does the researcher manipulate? |
| | A) | the dependent variable |
| | B) | the control variable |
| | C) | the random variable |
| | D) | the independent variable |
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10 | |
You conducted a study and found a weak correlation between your variables. What might your correlation coefficient look like? |
| | A) | r = 0.00 |
| | B) | r = -0.87 |
| | C) | r = +0.34 |
| | D) | r = +0.72 |
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11 | |
A researcher wants to determine the effects of classical music on children's mathematical ability. She divides 90 seven-year-old-children into three groups. Group One subjects listen to selections of classical music for 1 hour every day. Group Two subjects listen to popular music on the radio for 1 hour each day. Group 3 subjects are not allowed to listen to any music. After three months, all subjects complete computation and mathematical reasoning tests. In this experiment, what is the independent variable? |
| | A) | classical music |
| | B) | popular music |
| | C) | seven-year-old children |
| | D) | computation and mathematical reasoning tests |
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12 | |
To study the effectiveness of reinforcement in smoking cessation, subjects were assigned as follows: Group One subjects received a financial reward equal to the cost of a package of cigarettes every day; Group Two subjects received an encouraging phone call and praise; Group Three subjects received no reinforcement. All subjects recorded the number of cigarettes smoked over the course of three months. In this experiment, which subjects are in the experimental group? |
| | A) | Group 1 |
| | B) | Group 2 |
| | C) | Group 1 and 2 |
| | D) | Group 2 and 3 |
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13 | |
When independent researchers evaluated the sexual content of advertisements presented to Professor Sandstone's experimental group, it was discovered that the advertisements did not differ significantly from those presented to her control group. Dr. Sandstone just conducted a |
| | A) | blind experiment. |
| | B) | check to control for experimenter bias. |
| | C) | manipulation check. |
| | D) | double-blind experiment. |
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14 | |
In research with human participants, participants have the right to know the results of the study. Revealing the results to participants follows the ethical principle of |
| | A) | adequate debriefing. |
| | B) | confidentiality. |
| | C) | informed consent. |
| | D) | limited deception. |
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15 | |
In which study are you most likely to use animal subjects? |
| | A) | a study involving the manipulation of sex hormones in the womb |
| | B) | a study identifying active areas of the brain during specified mental tasks |
| | C) | a study observing the effects of 72 hours of sleep deprivation |
| | D) | a study observing the effects of a new antidepressant in managing depressive symptoms |
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