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All normal human beings have , the subjective reactions to experiences that are associated with physical and behavioral changes. |
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Emotions perform protective functions, such as , intentions, or desires; ; and promoting . |
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A newborn who is emotionally neglected may exhibit , a failure to grow and gain weight despite adequate nutrition. |
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Embarrassment, empathy, and envy are emotions that arise after children develop , the cognitive understanding that they have a recognizable identity. emotions of pride, shame, and guilt develop as the child gains knowledge about society’s accepted standards, rules, and goals. |
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Thomas and Chess described three types of , or characteristic styles of approaching and reacting to situations: , which describes about two-thirds of young children; , which describes about 10% of them; and , which describes about 15% of children. The remainder are not sufficiently consistent to be classified. |
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According to the National Longitudinal Study of Youth (NLSY), the key to healthy adjustment is , or the match between a child’s temperament and the demands and a child deals with. |
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While "sex" refers to the biological aspects of being male or female, "gender" refers to the of being male or female. |
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Erik Erikson identified the first stage of psychosocial development as , in which infants develop a sense of the reliability of people and objects. |
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, the process by which infants and caregivers communicate emotional states to each other and respond appropriately, helps babies as young as two to four months learn to "read" other people’s behavior and develop expectations about it. |
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Around 8 months of age, it is common (although not universal) for children to develop both , wariness of unfamiliar people and places, and , distress when a familiar caregiver leaves. |
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Erikson’s second stage of psychosocial development is , in which children achieve a balance between self-determination and control by others. |
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Mutual recognition of emotional states, which contributes to the development of self control, begins and extends well into . |
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policies encourage working parents to stay home for an extended period of time to care for their new babies. In the United States, employers are required by law to offer leave for months, compared with leave of months in the European Union. |
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The most important element in quality of child care is the . |
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