To help you master concepts from Chapter 20 (Waves, Beaches, and Coasts), take this sample examination, though I'm sure you would rather be at the beach!

1		The path a water particle makes as a wave passes in deep water is described as: Need a Hint?
			A)	linear.
			B)	elliptical.
			C)	spherical.
			D)	orbital.
2		Most waves on the ocean are generated by: Need a Hint?
			A)	wind.
			B)	earthquakes.
			C)	volcanic eruptions underwater.
			D)	the rotation of the Earth.
3		The distance from the crest of a wave to the next crest is: Need a Hint?
			A)	the wave speed or celerity.
			B)	the wave period.
			C)	always the same.
			D)	the wavelength.
4		The most effective method for escaping a rip current is: Need a Hint?
			A)	allow the current to carry you out to sea.
			B)	swim against the current with all your might.
			C)	swim parallel to the shoreline.
			D)	catch a wave and let it carry you back to shore.
5		Beach sediment is typically quartz-rich sand because: Need a Hint?
			A)	quartz is a mineral precipitated from seawater.
			B)	quartz is a durable mineral that resists chemical weathering.
			C)	quartz is the only mineral that can be sand-sized.
			D)	other minerals are not deposited on beaches.
6		The movement of sediment parallel to shore when waves strike at an angle is called: Need a Hint?
			A)	longshore drift.
			B)	sedimentation.
			C)	sediment transport.
			D)	longshore currents.
7		Which of the following structures can disrupt longshore drift? Need a Hint?
			A)	jetties
			B)	breakwaters
			C)	marinas
			D)	all of these
8		What is the most common source of sand on beaches? Need a Hint?
			A)	dredging of sand from harbors
			B)	sand transported to the beach by rivers
			C)	offshore sediments
			D)	land next to the beach
9		Which landforms would you expect to find on erosional coasts? Need a Hint?
			A)	sea stacks
			B)	sea cliffs
			C)	rocky headlands
			D)	all of these
10		Which of the following would characterize a depositional coast? Need a Hint?
			A)	deltas
			B)	bay mouth bars
			C)	spits
			D)	all of these
11		A glacial valley drowned by rising sea-level is called: Need a Hint?
			A)	a fjord.
			B)	a tombolo.
			C)	a recessional coast.
			D)	an estuary.
12		The storm surge of a hurricane is caused by: Need a Hint?
			A)	low atmospheric pressure, causing sea-level to bulge under the storm.
			B)	the movement of the hurricane onto a shoreline.
			C)	high winds driving large waves ashore.
			D)	all of these
13		When waves approach a coast at an angle over a sloping seafloor, they: Need a Hint?
			A)	none of these
			B)	refract.
			C)	break forming great surf.
			D)	diffract.
14		In shallow water, waves break because: Need a Hint?
			A)	they hit the shore.
			B)	waves become so steep that the crest topples over.
			C)	they slow down.
			D)	the water gets too shallow.
15		The maximum depth of influence of waves beneath the surface is: Need a Hint?
			A)	one-half their period.
			B)	one-half their frequency.
			C)	one-half their wavelength.
			D)	none of these
16		As waves move into shallow water, the motion of water particles becomes: Need a Hint?
			A)	mobyus.
			B)	elliptical.
			C)	spherical
			D)	orbital.
17		The size of waves is related to: Need a Hint?
			A)	the duration of winds blowing over water.
			B)	the speed of winds blowing over water.
			C)	this distance that wind blows over water.
			D)	all of these
18		Construction of seawalls often: Need a Hint?
			A)	cannot be predicted.
			B)	has no effect on coastal erosion.
			C)	stops coastal erosion.
			D)	accelerates coastal erosion.
19		Marine terraces are landforms associated with: Need a Hint?
			A)	uplifted coasts.
			B)	drowned coasts.
			C)	erosional coasts.
			D)	depositional coasts.