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1

Infants who see a novel stimulus typically pay close attention to it, and, as a consequence, their heart rates increase. But if they repeatedly see the same stimulus, their attention to it decreases, as indicated by a return to a slower heart rate. This phenomenon is known as .
2

Newborns who see an adult with a happy, sad, or surprised facial expression can produce a good of the adult's expression.
3

Even though they may be sitting side-by-side, two-year-olds pay more attention to toys than to one another. Later, however, children actively interact, modifying one another's behavior and later exchanging roles during .
4

Some children are naturally easygoing and cheerful, whereas others are irritable and fussy. The kind of a child is born with may in part bring about particular kinds of parental child-rearing styles.
5

Jean Piaget's cognitive theory suggested that children throughout the world proceed through a series of four stages in a fixed order. He maintained that these stages differ not only in the of information acquired at each stage, but in the of knowledge and understanding as well.
6

Although preoperational children use more advanced thinking than they did in the earlier sensorimotor stage, their thinking is still qualitatively inferior to that of adults. We see this when we observe the preoperational child using , a way of thinking in which the child views the world entirely from his or her own perspective.





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