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1

If you consider the opposing viewpoints on each major issue in psychology as opposite ends of a continuum, the positions of individual psychologists typically fall somewhere between the two ends. Which of the following best exemplifies this?
A)A developmental psychologist, whose focus is on how people grow and change throughout the course of their lives, is most interested in learning more about hereditary influences.
B)A social psychologist, who is a proponent of the behavioral perspective, looks for environmental influences in explaining social behavior.
C)A neuropsychologist is interested in determining the roles that both heredity and environment play in developing more connections (dendrification) between cells in the brain.
D)A gestalt psychologist uses introspection to study perception rather than behavioral observation.
2

A humanistic psychologist is most likely to take an extreme rather than a combination position on which of the following issues?
A)free will versus determinism
B)conscious versus unconscious causes of behavior
C)individual differences versus universal principles
D)nature versus nurture
3

Psychologists from the cognitive perspective are most likely to argue the importance of studying
A)free will.
B)internal mental processes.
C)observable behavior.
D)unconscious influences on behavior.
4

Some psychologists specializing in psychological disorders argue that people make intentional choices and that those who display so-called "abnormal behavior" should be considered responsible for their actions. Other psychologists disagree and contend that such individuals are the victims of forces beyond their control. The position psychologists take on this issue may determine how they will choose to treat abnormal behavior. Such decisions are influenced by the issue of:
A)individual differences versus universal principles
B)conscious versus unconscious causes of behavior
C)free will versus determinism
D)both b & c
5

How our nervous system operates is an example of
A)conscious causes of behavior.
B)universal principles.
C)individual differences.
D)internal mental processes.





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