Fill in the blanks with the word or phrase that best completes each sentence.

1		The data from a between-subjects experiment must be submitted to a(n) in order to determine whether any group differences in performance are reliable.
2		If a difference between group means is found to be statistically significant, you can conclude that the results are probably .
3		If all subjects in an experiment are exposed to all levels of the independent variable, and the results are then statistically averaged over subjects, the experiment follows a(n) design. .
4		The variation in scores across subjects that is produced by extraneous variables in an experiment is called variance.
5		Assigning participants to groups by drawing names out of a hat would be a crude example of the technique of .
6		In the design, subjects are assigned at random to one or the other of two groups.
7		If the levels of the independent variable represent quantitative (as opposed to qualitative) differences, a design is described as .
8		The least amount of information is obtained from a(n) design.
9		If the expectations of subjects concerning the effect of a treatment (such as a drug) may affect the dependent variable, you would want to include a(n) group in the design.
10		If subjects are first matched into pairs on some variable or variables, and then each pair is randomly split between two groups, the experiment follows a design.
11		occur when a previous treatment alters the behavior observed in a subsequent treatment.
12		Changes in performance that occur because subjects can compare what happens in one treatment with what happens in another are due to .
13		involves assigning the various treatments of an experiment in a different order for different subjects.
14		If every possible order of treatments is represented exactly once, your design is said to be counterbalanced.
15		If only some of the possible treatment orders are included in a design, it is said to be counterbalanced.
16		You can use a Latin square to determine the order of treatments in your design if you choose to make the number of treatment orders equal to the number of .
17		If carryover from Treatment A to Treatment B is greater than carryover from Treatment B to Treatment A, your design suffers from the problem of carryover effects.
18		When changes in the level of the dependent variable are caused by a given treatment and these changes cannot be undone by subsequent changes, the changes are said to be .
19		The main advantage of making order of treatments an independent variable is that you can assess the size of any .
20		You should strongly consider using a within-subjects design when differences contribute heavily to variation in the dependent variable.
21		The column sums and row sums in the results of a factorial experiment represent the of the experiment.
22		Two lines on a graph represent the effect of Variable A on reaction time at two levels of Variable B. If the lines are , then an interaction is not present.
23		designs simultaneously assess the effects of an independent variable on two or more dependent variables.
24		Confounding variables affect the of a design.