| androgens | The main class of male sex hormones. p. 145
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| anorexia nervosa | An eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation. p. 436
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| attribution theory | Views people as motivated to discover the underlying causes of behavior as part of their effort to make sense of the behavior. p. 447
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| basal metabolism rate (BMR) | The minimal amount of energy an individual uses in a resting state. p. 433
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| Cannon-Bard theory | States that emotion and physiological states occur simultaneously. p. 457
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| catharsis | The release of anger or aggressive energy by directly or vicariously engaging in anger or aggression; the catharsis hypothesis states that behaving angrily or watching others behave angrily reduces subsequent anger. p. 467
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| display rules | Sociocultural standards that determine when, where, and how emotions should be expressed. p. 464
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| drive | An aroused state that occurs because of a physiological need. p. 425
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| emotion | Feeling, or affect, that can involve physiological arousal, conscious experience, and behavioral expression. p. 455
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| estrogens | The main class of female sex hormones. p. 146
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| extrinsic motivation | Involves external incentives, such as rewards and punishments. p. 428
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| facial feedback hypothesis | States that facial expressions can influence emotions, as well as reflect them. p. 462
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| hierarchy of needs | Maslow's view that individuals' main needs are satisfied in the following sequence: physiological, safety, love and belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization. p. 429
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| homeostasis | The body's tendency to maintain an equilibrium, or steady state. p. 426
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| human sexual response pattern | Identified by Masters and Johnson; consists of four phases--excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution. p. 438
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| instinct | An innate (unlearned), biological pattern of behavior that is assumed to be universal throughout a species. p. 425
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| intrinsic motivation | Based on internal factors, such as self-determination, curiosity, challenge, and effort. p. 428
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| James-Lange theory | States that emotion results from physiological states triggered by stimuli in the environment. p. 456
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| motivation | Why people behave, think, and feel the way they do. Motivated behavior is energized, directed, and sustained. p. 424
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| need | A deprivation that energizes the drive to eliminate or reduce the deprivation. p. 000
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| need for achievement | The desire to accomplish something, to reach a standard of excellence, and to expend effort to excel. p. 447
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| need for affiliation | The motive to be with other people. p. 452
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| pheromones | Odorous substances released by animals that are powerful attractants. p. 440
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| polygraph | A machine that monitors changes physiological thought to be influenced by emotional states; it is used by examiners to try to determine if someone is lying. p. 456
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| self-actualization | The highest and most elusive of Maslow's needs; the motivation to develop one's full potential as a human being. p. 429
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| set point | The weight maintained when no effort is made to gain or lose weight. p. 433
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| two-factor theory of emotion | Schachter and Singer's theory that emotion is determined by two main factors: physiological arousal and cognitive labeling. p. 400
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| Yerkes-Dodson law | States that performance is best under conditions of moderate arousal than under those of low or high arousal. p. 426
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