Web Resources
The Mind-Body Problem
Artificial Intelligence
Turing Test
The Problem of Other Minds
The Problem of Consciousness
Cartesian Dualism
Logical Behaviorismn
Identity Theory
Functionalism
Eliminative Materialism
Property Dualism
Rene Descartes
David Hume
Gilbert Ryle
Daniel Dennett
Alan Turing
John Searle
Patricia and Paul Churchland
David_Chalmers Web Resources Philosophy of Mind
(http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_mind)
Wikipedia article
Dictionary of Philosophy of Mind
(http://philosophy.uwaterloo.ca/MindDict/)
Online dictionary providing definitions of numerous topics in the philosophy of mind; edited by Chris Eliasmith (Washington University in St. Louis)
Field Guide to the Philosophy of Mind
(http://host.uniroma3.it/progetti/kant/field/index.html)
Links and in-depth articles relating to the philosophy of mind
The University of Arizona Center for Consciousness Studies
(http://www.consciousness.arizona.edu/)
Useful site with overview of the problem of consciousness, online courses, links to online papers, etc.
Online Papers on Consciousness
(http://www.u.arizona.edu/~chalmers/online.html)
Online Papers on Consciousness Listing of online philosophy of mind articles categorized by David Chalmers (University of Arizona)
The Mind-Body Problem The Mind-Body Problem
(http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_mind-body_problem)
Wikipedia article
Mind-body problem
(http://philosophy.uwaterloo.ca/MindDict/mindbody.html)
Dictionary of Philosophy of Mind definition and brief discussion
The mind-body problem
(http://www.human-nature.com/rmyoung/papers/pap102h.html)
Article by Robert M. Young from the Companion to the History of Science, 1990
What is the mind-body problem
(http://home.sprynet.com/~owl1/mind.htm)
Discussion by Mike Huemer (University of Colorado)
The Singularity Technological Singularity
http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/faculty/vinge/misc/WER2.html
Vernor Vinge's article that introduced the concept of the singularity. Singularity Institute
http://www.singinst.org/links.html
Institute devoted to promoting the singularity. The Singularity: a Beginning.
http://www.futurist.com/portal/future_trends/singularity.htm
A discussion of the approaching singularity from Futurist.com. How Long Before Superintelligence?
http://www.nickbostrom.com/superintelligence.html
Article by Nick Bostrom on the coming of intelligent machines. Artificial Intelligence Artificial_Intelligence
(http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence)
Wikipedia article
MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
(http://www.csail.mit.edu/index.php)
MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
American Association for Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)
(http://www.aaai.org/)
American Association of Artificial Intelligence
KurzweilAI.net
(http://www.kurzweilai.net/)
Ray Kurzweil's site dedicated to exploring new technologies such as artificial intelligence and nanotechnology
I married a computer
(http://www.kurzweilai.net/meme/frame.html?main=/meme/memelist.html?m=21)
Review of Ray Kurzweil's The Age of Spriritual Machines by John Searle (UC Berkeley)
Response to Searle
(http://www.kurzweiltech.com/Searle/#A%20Response%20to%20Searle's%20Response%20to%20my%20R)
Ray Kurzweil's response to John Searle's review of his book The Age of Spiritual Machines American Association for Artificial Intelligence
(http://www.aaai.org/AITopics/html/welcome.html)
Links to articles on all aspects of artificial intelligence. The Turing Test Turing Test
(http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~philos/MindDict/turingtest.html)
Dictionary of the Philosophy of Mind entry
The Turing Test Page
(http://cogsci.ucsd.edu/~asaygin/tt/ttest.html)
Site devoted to the Turing test
Loebner Prize Home Page
(http://www.loebner.net/Prizef/loebner-prize.html)
Home of the first actual Turing test
A Wager on the Turing Test: Why I Think I Will Win
(http://www.kurzweilai.net/articles/art0374.html?printable=1)
Ray Kurzweil's rationale for betting Mitch Kapor $10,000 that a computer will pass the Turing test by 2029
Why I Think I Will Win
(http://www.kurzweilai.net/articles/art0412.html?printable=1)
Mitch Kapor's rationale for accepting Kurzweil's bet
A.L.I.C.E.
(http://www.pandorabots.com/pandora/talk?botid=f5d922d97e345aa1)
Talk to A.L.I.C.E., the "chatterbot" that won the 2000 and 2001 Loebner Prize competitions
The Simon Laven Page
(http://www.simonlaven.com/)
Site with links to many "chatterbots;" programs that can converse in natural languages
The Turing Test
(http://www.turing.org.uk/turing/scrapbook/test.html)
A discussion of the Turing test from the Alan Turing Internet Scrapbook
The Turing Test is not a trick
(http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Harnad/harnad92.turing.html)
Article by Steven Harnad (Princeton University) defending the Turing Test
Why the Turing Test is AI's Biggest Blind Alley
(http://www.cogs.susx.ac.uk/users/blayw/tt.html)
Article by Blay Whitby (University of Sussex) critiquing the Turing test
The Turing Test and Chinese Room Experiment
(http://members.aol.com/lshauser/turingho.html)
Lecture handout from Larry Hauser (Alma College)
The Problem of Other Minds Solipsism and the Problem of Other Minds
(http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/s/solipsis.htm)
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy article
The Problem of Other Minds
(http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_problem_of_other_minds)
Wikipedia article
Other Bodies, Other Minds: A Machine Incarnation of an Old Philosophical Problem
(http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Harnad/harnad91.otherminds.html)
Article by Steve Harnad (Princeton University) in which he proposes a "Total Turing Test" to detect the presence of other minds
Reaping the Whirlwind: Reply to Harnad's Other Bodies, Other Minds
(http://members.aol.com/lshauser/harnad3.html)
Article by Larry Hauser (Alma College) rebutting Harnad's views of the Turing test and the problem of other minds
The Problem of Consciousness Consciousness
(http://www.xrefer.com/entry.jsp?xrefid=551661&secid=.-&hh=1)
Oxford Companion to Philosophy article
Consciousness and Intentionality
(http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/consciousness-intentionality/)
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy article
Representational theories of consciousness
(http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/consciousness-representational/)
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy article
Facing up to the Problem of Consciousness
(http://www.imprint.co.uk/chalmers.html)
Article by David Chalmers (University of Arizona)
Facing Backwards to the Problem of Consciousness
(http://www.imprint.co.uk/online/HP_dennett.html)
Article by Daniel Dennett (Tufts University) critiquing Chalmers
The Hard Problem is Dead: Long Live the Hard Problem
(http://www.california.com/~mcmf/hardproblem.html)
Article by Teed Rockwell (University of California, Hayward) comparing Chalmer's and Dennett's approach to consciousness
Qualia
(http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qualia/)
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy article
Qualia
(http://www.philosophypages.com/dy/q.htm#qualia)
Definition and suggested links by Garth Kemerling
Cartesian Dualism Dualism
(http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~philos/MindDict/dualism.html)
Dictionary of Philosophy of Mind definition and discussion
Dualism
(http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05169a.htm)
Catholic Encyclopedia article
Mind-body dualism
(http://www.philosophypages.com/dy/d9.htm#dual)
Definition and suggested links by Garth Kemerling
René Descartes and the legacy of mind/body dualism
(http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/Mind/Descartes.html)
Discussion of the history of the mind-body problem by Robert H. Wozniak (Bryn Mawr College)
Epiphenomenalism
(http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epiphenomenalism/)
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy article
Epiphenomenalism
(http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiphenomenalism)
Wikipedia article
Epiphenomenalism
(http://www.philosophypages.com/dy/e5.htm#epiph)
Definition and suggested links by Garth Kemerling
New Defenses of Substance Dualism
(http://www.newdualism.org/online-articles.htm)
Links to articles defending substance dualism. Logical Behaviorism Behaviorism
(http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/b/behavior.htm)
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy article
Behaviorism
(http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/behaviorism/)
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy article
Behaviorism
(http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~philos/MindDict/behaviorism.html)
Dictionary of Philosophy of Mind definition and discussion
Behaviorism
(http://web.mit.edu/abyrne/www/behaviourism.html)
Article by Alex Byrne
Behaviourism
(http://www.philosophypages.com/dy/b2.htm#behav)
Definition and suggested links by Garth Kemerling
Identity Theory Identity theory
(http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/i/identity.htm)
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy article
The Identity Theory of Mind
(http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mind-identity/)
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy article
Identity theory
(http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~philos/MindDict/identitytheory.html)
Dictionary of Philosophy of Mind definition and discussion
Identity Theories
(http://host.uniroma3.it/progetti/kant/field/mbit.htm)
Field guide to the Philosophy of Mind article
Identity theory of mind
(http://www.philosophypages.com/dy/i.htm#idth)
Definition and suggested links by Garth Kemerling
Brain Pacemaker
(http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=46101)
Article describing the use of a brain pacemaker to treat depression. Functionalism Functionalism
(http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~philos/MindDict/functionalism.html)
Dictionary of Philosophy of Mind definition and discussion Functionalism
(http://www.philosophypages.com/dy/f9.htm#func)
Definition and suggested links by Garth Kemerling Synesthesia in the Media
http://astrid.9cy.com/synaesthesia/media.html
Links to articles dealing with synesthesia. The Synesthetic Experience
(http://web.mit.edu/synesthesia/www/)
Factual information, individual anecdotes, and interactive activities which simulate synesthesia. Synesthesia: Phenomenology And Neuropsychology
(http://psyche.cs.monash.edu.au/v2/psyche-2-10-cytowic.html)
A review of current knowledge on synesthesia. Evidence against functionalism from neuroimaging of the alien colour effect in synaesthesia
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=retrieve&dopt=abstract&list_uids=16683506
Abstract of a study on Synaesthesia that lays out the case against functionalism. How are qualia coupled to functions?
http://www.google.com/search?q=cache:dFedfBLKmqkJ:www.cs.colorado.edu/~mozer/courses/consc/readings/Gray2003.pdf+synesthesia+functionalism&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=20
Gray on functionalism and the implications of Synaesthesia. Scroll down a bit to see the article. Chatbots on the Internet
http://simonlaven.com/
Links to many different chatbots on the internet. Eliminative Materialism Eliminativism
(http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~philos/MindDict/eliminativism.html)
Dictionary of Philosophy of Mind definition and discussion
Eliminativism
(http://www.philosophypages.com/dy/e.htm#elim)
Definition and suggested links by Garth Kemerling
A Particularly Compelling Refutation of Eliminative Materialism
(http://www.unc.edu/~ujanel/ElimWeb.htm)
Article by William G. Lycan (University of North Carolina)
Property Dualism Emergent Properties
(http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/properties-emergent/)
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy article
Property dualism
(http://click.hotbot.com/director.asp?id=1&query=property+dualism&rsource=INK&target=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eartsci%2Ewustl%2Eedu%2F~philos%2FMindDict%2Fpropertydualism%2Ehtml)
Dictionary of the Philosophy of Mind article
Phenomenal Concepts and Phenomenal Properties: An Argument for Property Dualism
(http://humanities.ucsc.edu/NEH/nidarumelin.htm)
Martine Nida-Rümelin (University of Freibourg) presents a formal argument property dualism
Why I am Not a Property Dualist
(http://www.imprint.co.uk/pdf/searle-final.pdf)
Searle explains his rejection of property dualism (Adobe file)
Three Versions of the Problem of Mental Causation
(http://www.uni-bielefeld.de/philosophie/personen/beckermann/MentCaus_O.pdf)
Outline by Ansgar Beckerman on the problem posed by mental causation (Adobe file)
A Defense of Emergent Downward Causation
(http://www.california.com/~mcmf/causeweb.html)
Article by Teed Rockwell (University of California, Hayward) defending downward causation
Physicalism, Emergence and Downward Causation
(http://www.lehigh.edu/~mhb0/physicalemergence.pdf)
Article by Richard J. Campbell and Mark Bickhard (Lehigh University) responding to criticisms of downward causation (Adobe document)
Levels, Emergence, and Three Versions of Downward Causation
(http://www.nbi.dk/~emmeche/coPubl/2000d.le3DC.v4b.html)
Article by Claus Emmeche, Simo Køppe and Frederik Stjernfelt (Copenhagen) articulating three different ways of understanding downward causation
Emergentism Emergent Properties
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/properties-emergent/
Article on emergent properties from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Mental Causation
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mental-causation/
Article on mental causation from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Emergentism
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergentism
Wikipedia article on emergentism. Varieties of Emergentism
http://www.brynmawr.edu/biology/emergence/stephan.pdf
Article on various types of emergentism by Achim Stephan. Downward Causation Physicalism, Emergence, and Downward Causation
http://www.lehigh.edu/~mhb0/physicalemergence.pdf
Article on emergence by Richard Campbell and Mark Bickhard. Placebos: New! Improved! And Still 100% fake
http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A36109-2002May17
Review of recent research on placebos by Jay Dixit. Why Cognitive Behavior Therapy Helps
http://www.ocdhope.com/talktherapy.htm
Report on research showing that cognitive behavior therapy changes brain chemistry by Richard Friedman. Rene Descartes René Descartes
(http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/d/descarte.htm)
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy article
René Descartes Life and Works
(http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-works/)
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy article
René Descartes
(http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rene_Descartes)
Wikipedia article
History of Philosophy: Descartes
(http://www.class.uidaho.edu/mickelsen/texts/Weber%20-%20History/Descartes.htm)
Discussion of Descartes' life and thought by Alfred Weber (University of Strasburg)
René Descartes : Life and Works
(http://www.philosophypages.com/ph/desc.htm)
Discussion of life and thought by Garth Kemerling
René Descartes and the Meditations on First Philosophy
(http://www.friesian.com/hist-2.htm#descartes)
Detailed discussion of Descartes' Meditations by Kelley Ross (Friesian School Proceedings) Descartes Links
(http://www.epistemelinks.com/Main/Philosophers.aspx?PhilCode=Desc)
EpistemeLink link collection For more information on Descartes' epistemology see the links for Chapter 2.1.
David Hume David Hume, Life and Writings
(http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/h/humelife.htm)
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy article
David Hume, Metaphysical and Epistemological Theories
(http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/h/humeepis.htm)
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy article
David Hume
(http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hume/)
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy article
David Hume
(http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Hume)
Wikipedia article
David Hume: Life and Works
(http://www.philosophypages.com/ph/hume.htm)
Discussion of life and thought by Garth Kemerling
History of Philosophy: David Hume
(http://www.class.uidaho.edu/mickelsen/texts/Weber%20-%20History/hume.htm)
Discussion of Hume's life and thought by Alfred Weber (University of Strasburg)
Hume links
(http://www.epistemelinks.com/Main/Philosophers.aspx?PhilCode=Hume)
EpistemeLink link collection
Gilbert Ryle Ryle
(http://click.hotbot.com/director.asp?id=1&query=%22gilbert+ryle%22&rsource=GOO&target=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Ephilosophypages%2Ecom%2Fph%2Fryle%2Ehtm)
Short biography of Ryle
Gilbert Ryle's Philosophical Behaviorism
(http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/alabaster/A673526)
BBC article on Ryle
Daniel Dennett Dennett, Daniel
(http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~philos/MindDict/dennett.html)
Dictionary of Philosophy of Mind brief biography
Daniel C. Dennett
(http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/bios/dennett.html)
Brief overview and video (The Third Edge)
Daniel C. Dennett
(http://ase.tufts.edu/cogstud/incbios/dennettd/dennettd.htm)
Homepage of Daniel Dennett (Tufts University)
The Origin of Selves
(http://ase.tufts.edu/cogstud/papers/originss.htm)
Article by Dennett (Tufts University)
Where Am I?
(http://departments.oxy.edu/cogsci/courses/2000/cs101/etexts/where-am-i.html)
Excerpt from Dennett's Brainstorms, 1978)
Get Real
(http://ase.tufts.edu/cogstud/papers/getreal.htm)
Dennett's replies to his critics
Dennett, Daniel C.
(http://www.philosophypages.com/dy/d2.htm#denn)
Brief biography by Garth Kemerling
Alan Turing Alan M. Turing
(http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/turing/)
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy article
Alan Turing
(http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Turing)
Wikipedia article
Turing, Alan
(http://www.philosophypages.com/dy/t9.htm#turi)
Brief biography by Garth Kemerling
Alan Mathison Turing Biography
(http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Turing.html)
Biography by J. J. O'Connor and E. F. F Robertson (University of St. Andrews)
The Alan Turing Home Page
(http://www.turing.org.uk/turing/)
Biography and collection of links Maintained by Andrew Hodges, author of Alan Turing: The Enigma Turing links
(http://www.epistemelinks.com/Main/Philosophers.aspx?PhilCode=Turi)
EpistemeLink link collection
John Searle Searle, John
(http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~philos/MindDict/searle.html)
Dictionary of Philosophy of Mind biography
Conversations with History
(http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people/Searle/searle-con0.html)
Interview with video of John Searle by Harry Kreisler of the Institute of International Studies, UC Berkeley
Searle Central
(http://hiwaay.net/~wfgodot/cogsci/SearleCentral.html)
Writings by and about Searle.
Review of Searle
(http://ase.tufts.edu/cogstud/papers/searle.htm)
Review of Searle's The Rediscovery of the Mind by Daniel Dennett (Tufts University)
Searle on the Brink
(http://psyche.cs.monash.edu.au/v1/psyche-1-05-bringsjord.html)
Review of Searle's The Rediscovery of the Mind by Selmer Bringsjord (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute)
Searle's "Minds, Brains, and Programs"
(http://members.aol.com/NeoNoetics/MindsBrainsPrograms.html)
Article in which Searle introduces his famous Chinese Room argument against strong AI
Searle's "Is the Brain a Digital Computer?"
(http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Py104/searle.comp.html)
Article offering Searle's overview of his account of the mind
Searle, John
(http://www.philosophypages.com/dy/s4.htm#sear)
Brief biography by Garth Kemerling
Patricia and Paul Churchland Churchland, Patricia
(http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~philos/MindDict/churchlandps.html)
Dictionary of Philosophy of Mind brief biography
Patricia S. Churchland, Personal Page
(http://philosophy.ucsd.edu/EPL/Pat.html)
Home Page of Patricia Churchland (UCSD); includes links to recent articles, some of which are available online
Can Neurobiology Teach us Anything about Consciousness?
(http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Py104/church.neuro.html)
Article by Patricia Churchland
Churchland, Paul
(http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~philos/MindDict/churchlandpm.html)
Dictionary of Philosophy of Mind brief biography
Paul Churchland
(http://philosophy.ucsd.edu/Faculty/pmc.html)
Homepage of Paul Churchland (UCSD)
The Neurophysiology of Paul and Patricia Churchland
(http://www.phil.mq.edu.au/staff/jsutton/Churchlands.htm)
Lecture notes by John Sutton (Macquarie University); also includes link to Sutton's review of the Churchlands' On the Contrary David Chalmers David Chalmers, Ph.D.
(http://www.kurzweilai.net/bios/frame.html?main=/bios/bio0190.html?)
Brief biography of Chalmers from KurzweilAI.net
David Chalmers' Consciousness Directory
(http://click.hotbot.com/director.asp?id=1&query=david+chalmers&rsource=INK&target=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eu%2Earizona%2Eedu%2F~chalmers)
David Chalmers home page
Interview with David Chalmers
(http://www.culture.com.au/brain_proj/CONTENT/CHAL_01.HTM)
by Stephen Jones
Facing Up to the Problem of Consciousness
(http://click.hotbot.com/director.asp?id=6&query=david+chalmers&rsource=INK&target=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Ezynet%2Eco%2Euk%2Fimprint%2Fchalmers%2Ehtml)
Article on consciousness by Chalmers | 