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| 1 | |
The branch of psychology that studies individuals as they interact with others is called |
| | A) | interpersonal relationships. |
| | B) | interactive psychology. |
| | C) | sociology. |
| | D) | social psychology. |
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| 2 | |
Although Walter was typically quiet and mild-mannered, when he got together with several of his friends at hockey games, he consistently joined them in their rowdy, sometimes destructive, behavior. This change in Walter's behavior is likely due to |
| | A) | bystander apathy. |
| | B) | scaffolding. |
| | C) | deindividuation. |
| | D) | groupthink. |
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| 3 | |
Selma has been asked to perform a difficult task. If she is like most people, she will perform the task more quickly when she is |
| | A) | with a stranger. |
| | B) | alone. |
| | C) | in a large group. |
| | D) | with a good friend. |
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| 4 | |
The phenomenon referred to as "groupthink" results in |
| | A) | faulty decision-making processes that occur in groups. |
| | B) | superior decision-making processes that occur in groups. |
| | C) | well thought-out ideas that occur in groups. |
| | D) | group brainstorming sessions. |
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| 5 | |
The social roles that were given to military prison guards at Abu Ghraib Prison during the Iraq war resulted in behavior similar to that seen in which of the following social psychology experiments? |
| | A) | Latané, Darley, and Rodin's bystander study. |
| | B) | Solomon Asch's conformity study. |
| | C) | Stanley Milgram's obedience study. |
| | D) | Zimbardo's Stanford Prison study. |
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| 6 | |
A panel of psychiatrists surveyed by Stanley Milgram prior to his obedience study stated that they thought fewer than five percent of the research participants would administer the maximum level of shock. How accurate was their prediction? |
| | A) | It was totally inaccurate because 65 percent of the participants administered the highest level of shock. |
| | B) | It was totally inaccurate because 50 percent of the participants administered the highest level of shock. |
| | C) | It was amazingly accurate because slightly over 5 percent of the participants administered the highest level of shock. |
| | D) | It was somewhat inaccurate because 25 percent of the participants administered the highest level of shock. |
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| 7 | |
Beliefs that predispose us to act and feel in certain ways are referred to as |
| | A) | attitudes. |
| | B) | predispositions. |
| | C) | belief systems. |
| | D) | cognitions. |
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| 8 | |
The least important factor in determining the persuasiveness of a communication is |
| | A) | the speaker. |
| | B) | the message. |
| | C) | logic. |
| | D) | the listener. |
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| 9 | |
You are addressing a group of people who may not necessarily agree with your point of view. Your best strategy to get them to listen to your ideas would be to |
| | A) | present them with your point of view as well as the opposing point of view. |
| | B) | present them only with the opposing point of view. |
| | C) | present them only with your point of view. |
| | D) | present only the problems with the opposing point of view. |
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| 10 | |
Of the following, you are most likely to persuade people who |
| | A) | have a great need for social approval. |
| | B) | are in a large crowd. |
| | C) | are intelligent. |
| | D) | associate with people with diverse attitudes. |
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| 11 | |
Carla smokes cigarettes. She feels guilty and embarrassed about it because she knows that cigarette smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer and other serious illnesses. Research on cognitive dissonance conducted by Festinger suggests that if she is unable or unwilling to stop smoking, she is most likely to |
| | A) | keep trying new and different ways to stop smoking until she finds one that works. |
| | B) | seek out research studies that suggest smoking may not be as bad as the media report. |
| | C) | change to a brand with lower nicotine. |
| | D) | change her attitude toward smoking in order to stop feeling guilty and embarrassed. |
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| 12 | |
Inaccurate generalizations on which prejudice is based are called |
| | A) | attitudes. |
| | B) | discrimination. |
| | C) | stereotypes. |
| | D) | attributions. |
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| 13 | |
Mr. Riley, a middle school principal, wants to reduce racial and ethnic prejudice in his school. Which step would be most effective in his attempts to reach his goal? |
| | A) | Educate the students and their parents about the dangers of prejudice. |
| | B) | Have the students engage in competitive tasks on an informal basis. |
| | C) | Have the students engage in cooperative tasks on an informal basis. |
| | D) | Place the lower status students in high status positions, such as crossing guards and hall monitors. |
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| 14 | |
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 was designed to |
| | A) | enable persons with physical challenges to gain access to public facilities and to the workplace. |
| | B) | educate the public about the needs of persons with physical challenges. |
| | C) | ensure that persons with physical disabilities are not subjected to discrimination. |
| | D) | create separate facilities to accommodate the needs of persons with physical disabilities. |
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| 15 | |
According to _______________, we tend to underestimate the negative impact of situations on others while more readily seeing their impact on ourselves. |
| | A) | cognitive dissonance theory |
| | B) | self-perception theory |
| | C) | the fundamental attribution error |
| | D) | the disposition error |
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| 16 | |
John is an average looking man. Research suggests that when he gets married, he is most likely to marry someone who is |
| | A) | a kind person. |
| | B) | better looking than he is. |
| | C) | also average looking. |
| | D) | less attractive than he is. |
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| 17 | |
Which of the following traits is/are most likely to be valued equally by men and women with respect to romantic relationships? |
| | A) | intelligence and character |
| | B) | physical attractiveness |
| | C) | occupational status and income |
| | D) | humor and a pleasant personality |
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| 18 | |
When Harry met Sally, she had just gotten fired and was in a really bad mood. As a result, Harry found her to be rude and abrasive. Even though she was very upbeat and kind after that, Harry continued to see her in a negative light, which illustrates |
| | A) | the proximity effect. |
| | B) | the primacy effect. |
| | C) | perception theory. |
| | D) | reciprocal determinism. |
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| 19 | |
According to _____________ theory, partners are comfortable in their relationship when each perceives the ratio between their contributions and benefits as equal. |
| | A) | zero-sum |
| | B) | companion |
| | C) | equity |
| | D) | equality |
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| 20 | |
The underlying issue in the legal case of Hopkins v. Price Waterhouse was |
| | A) | gender bias. |
| | B) | age discrimination. |
| | C) | interpersonal relationships in the workplace. |
| | D) | racial discrimination. |
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