| agile | The ability to respond quickly to change, to customer needs, and to internal and external forces.
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| arrival process | The pattern in which or frequency with which customers arrive at the queue.
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| backward scheduling | When a completion date or due date is known and that date must determine a start date.
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| balking | When a customer views a queue and does not enter it because it is too long.
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| calling population | The population of arriving customers or orders.
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| cash-to-cash cycle | The amount of time between the cash outlay required for purchasing direct materials or inventory consumed during the production of the product or service and the actual receipt of the payment when the product or service is sold.
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| crash time | The absolute minimum time in which each activity could be accomplished.
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| crashing | A methodical approach to reducing a project’s duration.
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| critical path | The path that takes the longest.
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| critical ratio (CR) | A sequencing rule that prioritizes by the ratio of the time remaining to the time needed to complete the job. The smallest ratio goes first.
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| earliest due date (EDD) | A sequencing rule that prioritizes customers or jobs by the due date, earliest first.
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| early start schedule | In project management calculations, this is the completion of the early start and early finish times. Also known as the forward pass.
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| first come, first served (FCFS) | A sequencing rule that prioritizes by when a person or job arrived in the queue.
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| forward scheduling | A technique used when a start date is known, and a completion date needs to be determined.
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| Gantt chart | A horizontal bar graph with time on the x axis and the different resources on the y axis. It displays the amount of time required on each resource and when that time is required.
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| jockeying | When customers switch lines hoping to move faster.
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| late start schedule | In project management computations, this is the computing of the late start and late finish values. Also known as the backward pass.
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| network diagram | A diagram similar to a flow chart that illustrates the steps in a project.
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| path | A sequence of activities that begins at the start of the project and goes to its end.
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| phase | A distinct step in a process that requires a separate queue.
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| project | A set of activities aimed at meeting a goal, with a defined beginning and end.
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| project management | A variety of techniques that recognize the dependencies present among the project activities and manage those activities in order to complete the project on time.
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| queue configuration | The physical design of the lines and servers in a queuing system.
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| queue discipline | The rules that management enforces to determine the next customer served in a queue.
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| reneging | When a customer joins the queue, but then leaves it because the wait was too long.
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| server | A resource that is able to complete the process or service that customers or jobs wait in queue for.
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| service process | The capacity of the server(s), the distribution of service times, and other behaviors of the server that affect the number of customers the server can handle.
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| shortest processing time | A sequencing rule that gives highest priority to the job with the shortest expected processing time.
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| slack | Time until due minus the expected processing time. As a sequencing rule, the highest priority is given to the job with the least amount of slack.
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| slack per remaining operation | Slack divided by the number of operations remaining until the job or order is completed.
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