Take the following practice exam to review the terms, ideas, and issues covered in Chapter 13.

1			The statement "you are to be hanged not because you have stolen sheep but in order that others may not steal sheep" is an example of the ____________ philosophy of punishment.
			A)	retribution
			B)	deterrence
			C)	isolation
			D)	rehabilitation
2			In Payne v. Tennessee the Supreme Court permitted
			A)	prosecutors to appeal an acquittal provided that new evidence was introduced into testimony.
			B)	the use of victim impact evidence during the penalty phase of capital trials.
			C)	convicted murderers to address the judge and/or jury prior to receiving a sentence.
			D)	an offender sentenced to death an opportunity to publicly apologize to his/her victims.
3			The "just deserts" philosophy of punishment
			A)	has the object of community protection.
			B)	seeks to change the offender's behavior.
			C)	suggests the biblical prescription of "an eye for an eye."
			D)	implies retribution, vengeance, and revenge.
4			Rehabilitation philosophy is based on the idea that
			A)	all persons are inherently evil and must learn to control their evil impulses.
			B)	all persons are inherently good and only engage in crime when faced with bad circumstances.
			C)	persons who commit crimes have identifiable reasons for doing so, and these reasons can be discovered, addressed, and altered.
			D)	criminals are biological inferiors that must be taught how to act in a "civilized" manner.
5			General deterrence seeks to
			A)	prevent particular offenders from engaging in future criminal acts.
			B)	increase the number of laws so as to reduce crime
			C)	discourage would-be offenders from committing crimes.
			D)	restrain convicted offenders.
6			The most widely held justification for punishment is that it reduces crime by means of
			A)	deterrence.
			B)	incapacitation.
			C)	isolation.
			D)	rehabilitation.
7			As one sentencing alternative, fines
			A)	are never used for felonies.
			B)	are imposed either in lieu of or in addition to incarceration or probation.
			C)	have never been discussed by the Supreme Court.
			D)	all of the above.
8			The philosophy behind the indeterminate sentence
			A)	is based purely on a correctional model of punishment.
			B)	is essentially punitive.
			C)	has little basis in humanitarian ideals.
			D)	combines elements of community protection, vengeance, and deterrence.
9			A sentence of 7 to 15 years is an example of a(n)____________ sentence.
			A)	intermittent
			B)	fixed
			C)	indeterminate
			D)	indefinite
10			In an indeterminate sentence, the actual amount of time to be served is determined by the
			A)	judge.
			B)	prosecutor.
			C)	jury.
			D)	parole authority.
11			A sentence for a fixed period of time with no reduction by parole is a(n) ____________ sentence.
			A)	indefinite
			B)	life
			C)	indeterminate
			D)	definite
12			Fines calculated as multiples of an offender's daily income are referred to as ____________ fines.
			A)	indigency
			B)	flexible
			C)	indeterminate
			D)	day
13			Presentence investigations
			A)	are mandatory in all jurisdictions.
			B)	are useful for determining appropriate sentences.
			C)	are of little value for anything other than sentencing purposes.
			D)	all of the above.
14			____________ refers to the convicted offender's personal statement to the court prior to imposition of sentence.
			A)	The agreement of submission
			B)	Alleviare
			C)	Crimen trahit personam
			D)	Allocution
15			____________ is the period of detention served prior to sentencing.
			A)	"Jail time"
			B)	"Time served"
			C)	"Dead time"
			D)	"Post time"
16			The peak period of executions in America was the
			A)	1930s.
			B)	1940s.
			C)	1950s.
			D)	1960s.
17			Since the Furman decision, executions in America have been imposed only for
			A)	treason.
			B)	homicide.
			C)	rape.
			D)	kidnapping.
18			An analysis of executions under civil authority in the United States demonstrates that
			A)	more blacks than whites were executed.
			B)	blacks were executed for rape more often than members of any other group.
			C)	the death penalty was apparently an instrument for racial discrimination.
			D)	all of the above.
19			Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, which organization was most significant in waging a war against the death penalty?
			A)	Congress on Racial Equality
			B)	Law Center for Constitutional Rights
			C)	Legal Aid Society
			D)	National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
20			The Supreme Court ruled in ____________ that states cannot exclude from juries in capital cases all persons opposed to the death penalty.
			A)	Witherspoon v. Illinois
			B)	McGautha v. California
			C)	Furman v. Georgia
			D)	Gregg v. Georgia
21			In ____________, the High Court held that statutes that leave arbitrary and discriminatory discretion to juries in imposing death sentences violate the Eighth Amendment ban on cruel and unusual punishment.
			A)	McGautha v. California
			B)	Furman v. Georgia
			C)	Godfrey v. Georgia
			D)	Roberts v. Louisiana
22			The High Court's decision in ____________ called for a two-part proceeding that would satisfy the constitutional objections noted in Furman.
			A)	Roberts v. Louisiana
			B)	Godfrey v. Georgia
			C)	Woodson v. North Carolina
			D)	Gregg v. Georgia
23			The first person to be executed in the post-Furman era was
			A)	Luis Jose Monge
			B)	Gary Mark Gilmore
			C)	Jesse Bishop
			D)	Charles Brooks, Jr.
24			Specific deterrence differs from general deterrence in that the former
			A)	seeks to discourage others from committing crimes.
			B)	is designed to prevent a particular offender from committing future criminal acts.
			C)	seeks to prevent violation of specific laws.
			D)	is aimed at obtaining social justice.
25			A 60-day sentence served on consecutive weekends is an example of an ____________ sentence.
			A)	indefinite
			B)	indeterminate
			C)	intermittent
			D)	inconsequential