Take the following practice exam as a review of the key terms, concepts, and ideas in Chapter 2.

1			Jus naturale, or natural law,
			A)	stands at the foundation of Anglo-American law.
			B)	refers to perfect standards of justice.
			C)	seems to be a variable and changing concept.
			D)	supersedes man-made law.
2			According to sociological conceptions of deviance, which of the following statements is not true?
			A)	Persons and social groups create crime by making rules whose infraction constitutes crime.
			B)	Deviant behavior is behavior that is simply labeled as deviant by the members of a group.
			C)	Deviance is a quality of an act a person commits rather than a consequence of the application of sanctions to an offender.
			D)	Not all criminal behavior is deviant behavior, and not all deviant behavior is criminal behavior.
3			American criminal law is based on
			A)	English common law.
			B)	state and federal criminal statutes.
			C)	constitutional and administrative law.
			D)	all of the above.
4			Which phrase most accurately refers to criminal behavior?
			A)	mens rea
			B)	mala in se
			C)	mala prohibita
			D)	nullum crimen sine poena
5			____________ refers to the offense of concealing a felony committed by another.
			A)	Respondeat superior
			B)	Conspiracy to commit crime
			C)	Mala in se
			D)	Misprision of felony
6			Case law is law that
			A)	results from court interpretations of statutory law.
			B)	is passed by the legislature.
			C)	is embodied in the Constitution of the United States.
			D)	descends from natural law.
7			A ruling handed down by the U.S. Supreme Court would be an example of
			A)	statutory law.
			B)	administrative law.
			C)	case law.
			D)	jurisdictional law.
8			____________, as a defense against crime, involves "any erroneous conviction of fact or circumstance resulting in some act that would not otherwise have been undertaken."
			A)	Ignorance of the law
			B)	Duress and consent
			C)	Mistake of fact
			D)	Mistake of law
9			The shooting of an armed robber by a police officer would generally be called
			A)	excusable homicide.
			B)	justifiable homicide.
			C)	self-defense.
			D)	police misconduct.
10			Offenses designated as less serious than misdemeanors
			A)	are called felonies.
			B)	are called misdemeanors.
			C)	are called infractions or violations.
			D)	are not considered crimes.
11			Your neighbor is arrested, convicted, and sentenced to a term of 50 years in a state prison. He has been convicted of a
			A)	consentable crime.
			B)	treasonable offense.
			C)	felony.
			D)	administrative code violation.
12			The ____________ represents an exception to the requirement that criminal intent must be present for an act to be a crime.
			A)	Durham Rule
			B)	misprision of felony rule
			C)	vicarious liability doctrine
			D)	defenses interruptus petition
13			Burglary involves the element or elements of
			A)	unlawful entry of a building or premises.
			B)	unlawful entry plus the intent to steal.
			C)	unlawful entry plus the intent to commit a crime.
			D)	unlawful entry plus the commission of larceny, rape, or some other felony.
14			____________ deals with actions committed against the safety and order of the State.
			A)	Criminal law
			B)	Civil law
			C)	Administrative law
			D)	Constitutional law
15			Crimes in which are considered inherently evil and immoral in nature, such as murder, rape, and theft, are referred to as
			A)	mala prohibita.
			B)	mens rea.
			C)	mala in se.
			D)	misprision of felony.
16			A person is induced to commit a crime that he or she would not have otherwise contemplated but did so on the urging of a police officer. This constitutes a case of
			A)	victim consent.
			B)	entrapment.
			C)	mistake and ignorance of the law.
			D)	duress.
17			The necessity defense has been held to be a legitimate defense in the instance of
			A)	escaping from prison to avoid sexual attack or death.
			B)	sniffing cocaine for the drug's pain-killing effects.
			C)	a citizen shooting a fleeing felon.
			D)	all of the above.
18			____________ refers to customs, traditions, judicial decisions, and other materials that guide courts in decision making but that have not been enacted by the legislatures into statutes.
			A)	Administrative law
			B)	Case law
			C)	Common law
			D)	Civil law
19			Which of the following definitions of crime offered by lawyer and sociologist Paul W. Tappan is the accepted definition in the text?
			A)	"The essential characteristic of crime is that it is behavior which is prohibited by the state and against which the state may react."
			B)	"Crime is an intentional act of omission in violation of criminal law (statutory and case law) committed without defense or justification and sanctioned by the state as a felony or misdemeanor."
			C)	"Crime is a positive or negative act in violation of the penal law; an offense against the state."
			D)	"Crime is a violation of the criminal law."
20			In criminal proceedings, insanity is a ____________ concept, rather than a medical concept.
			A)	psychiatric
			B)	sociological
			C)	judicial
			D)	legal
21			____________ theory explains how certain behaviors come to be defined as criminal and others do not.
			A)	Labeling
			B)	Social structure
			C)	Social process
			D)	Strain