 | Chapter Outline
(See related pages)
- Introduction
- The complex nature of crime as illustrated by crime on cruise ships
- Crime viewed as legally prohibited conduct
- Crime as patterns and systems of behavior
- Legal Categories of Crime
- Criminal Homicide; the killing of one human being by another
- murder; the felonious killing of another human being
- first degree murder
- malice aforethought
- deliberation
- premeditation
- second degree
- with malice aforethought
- without deliberation
- without premeditation
- felony-murder doctrine; if a death occurs during a felony, the person
committing the felony can be charged with murder
- manslaughter; unlawful killing without malice
- voluntary; intentional killing without malice or premeditation
- involuntary; unintentional death resulting from an unlawful
act or negligence
- Assault; an intentional attempt or threat to physically injure another
- assault and battery; an assault resulting in physical violence to
a victim (the battery)
- aggravated assault
- simple assault
- menacing and mayhem
- jostling
- Robbery; felonious taking of the money or goods of another, from that
person, by threat, force, or violence
- requires a confrontation between offender and victim
- aspects of a property crime (theft) and a crime against the person
(assault)
- specific elements
- degrees
- Arson; intentionally damaging a building by starting a fire or causing
an explosion
- problem of proving intent
- various criminal types
- Burglary; unlawful entry into a structure with the intent to commit
a crime
- breaking and entering
- degrees and varieties of burglary
- requirement of intent
- related statutes
- Property offenses
- theft; unlawful taking, possession, or use of another's property,
without the use or threat of force, and with the intent to deprive
permanently
- various forms of theft; larceny, shoplifting; fraud, forgery, etc.
- larceny; the taking and carrying away of the personal property of
another, with the intent to deprive permanently
- Carrier's Case and Pear's Case, refining the definition
of larceny
- grand larceny (felony) and petty larceny (misdemeanor)
- Sex offenses
- broad scope of illegal sexual activity
- rape; sexual intercourse with a female against her will and through
the use or threat of force or fear
- statutory rape; sexual intercourse with a female under a stated
legal age with or without her consent
- other examples include sodomy, pornography, child molesting, prostitution,
etc.
- Drug law violations
- various federal laws intended to ban or regulate the nonmedical
use of drugs as well as the manufacture, sale and distribution of
dangerous drugs
- state laws vary widely and may include penalties for possession
of narcotics paraphernalia (syringes and needles)
- Crimes against public order and safety
- wide range of offenses, usually misdemeanors, designed for the maintenance
of public order and safety
- examples include disturbing the peace, public intoxication, loitering,
gambling, etc.
- Major Forms of Crimes
- Domestic violence
- broad scope
- battering by spouses and lovers
- psychological or economic abuse
- origins of domestic violence
- victim-offender relationship
- child abuse and molestation
- Hate crime
- definition: offenses motivated by hatred
- historical and global dimensions
- accurate counts are difficult to obtain
- White-collar and corporate crime
- definition
- cost
- recent scandals
- Organized crime
- activities directed toward economic gain through unlawful means
- typically pursued as an occupational career
- long-term commitment and lifestyle
- commonly associated with ethnic groups: Italians, Asians, Russians,
and others
- Summary
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