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Chapter Outline
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  1. Overview of Northern Humanism, Northern Renaissance, Religious Reformations, and Late Mannerism

  2. Northern Humanism
    1. Characteristics of the movement
    2. Northern humanists: Rabelais, Marguerite of Navarre, and Erasmus

  3. The Northern Renaissance
    1. The setting and duration
    2. Jean Bodin
    3. Andreas Vesalius
    4. Northern Renaissance literature
      1. Michel de Montaigne
      2. William Shakespeare, Hamlet
    5. Northern Renaissance painting
      1. Albrecht Dürer
      2. Mathias Grünewald
      3. Hieronymus Bosch
      4. Pieter Bruegel the Elder

  4. The Breakup of Christendom: Causes of the Religious Reformations
    1. Conditions in the church
    2. Situation in Germany
    3. The Protestant order
      1. Luther's revolt
          2. a) The Ninety-Five Theses
          b) Luther's beliefs
          c) Luther's Bible and other writings
          d) Social and political implications of Luther's revolt
      2. The reforms of John Calvin
          3. a) Calvin's beliefs
          b) Impact of Calvin's beliefs on society
          c) The success of Calvinism
      3. The reform of the English church
    4. The Counter-Reformation
      1. The reformed papacy
      2. New monastic orders
          3. a) For women, the Ursulines: Angela Merici
          b) For men, the Jesuits: Ignatius Loyola
      3. The Council of Trent
    5. Warfare as a response to religious dissent, 1520–1603
      1. Charles V and the Religious Peace of Augsburg
      2. Spain's bid for power

  5. Late Mannerism
    1. Influence of the Counter-Reformation on the arts, literature, music, and the mannerist style
    2. Mannerist painting in Spain
      1. El Greco
      2. Sofonisba Anguissola
    3. Spanish literature
      1. Siglo de Oro, or Golden Century
      2. Revival of theater: Lope de Vega
      3. Picaresque novel: Lazarillo de Tormes
      4. Miguel de Cervantes, Don Quixote
    4. Late Mannerist painting in Italy: Tintoretto
    5. Music in late-sixteenth-century Italy and England
      1. Counter-reformation music: Italy's Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
      2. Madrigals and word paintings: England's Thomas Weelkes

  6. The Legacy of Northern Humanism, Northern Renaissance, Religious Reformations, and Late Mannerism






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