Understand how the concept of surface area-to-volume ratio is related to human physiology.

• Explain why cells are small.
• Describe structural characteristics that increase the surface area of the gut.
• Explain why the lungs, gut, and kidneys have large numbers of capillaries and a large surface area.

Understand the historical perspective of the development of the cell theory.

• Explain the cell theory.
• Diagram the generalized structure of all noneukaryotic cells and label the parts.
• Diagram the generalized structure of all eukaryotic cells and label the parts.
• Draw a flow chart that illustrates the classification of cellular forms of life.

Know the molecular structure of a cell membrane and relate this structure to its function.

• List the components and molecular parts of a typical cell membrane.
• Explain the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure.
• List the possible roles played by molecules that extend from the cell surface.
• Contrast diffusion, osmosis, and dialysis.
• List the controlled methods by which materials can be transported through a cell membrane.

Learn to associate cellular organelles with their major functions in eukaryotic cells.

• List the typical organelles associated with eukaryotic cells.
• Draw the structure of each of the organelles associated with eukaryotic cells.
• Describe the function of each of the organelles associated with eukaryotic cells.

Understand the basic differences between noneukaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

• List the differences in organelles found in noneukaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
• Give examples of organisms composed of noneukaryotic and eukaryotic cells.