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| 1 | |
The term "_____________" refers to an internal state that activates and gives direction to our thoughts. |
| | A) | emotion |
| | B) | desire |
| | C) | motivation |
| | D) | motive |
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| 2 | |
Primary motives are based on _______________ needs. |
| | A) | learned |
| | B) | biological |
| | C) | emotional |
| | D) | psychological |
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| 3 | |
The part of our hypothalamus that both increases and decreases appetite by controlling the level of sugar in the blood is the |
| | A) | paraventricular nucleus. |
| | B) | lateral hypothalamus. |
| | C) | cerebellum. |
| | D) | medial hypothalamus. |
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| 4 | |
The hypothalamus uses three principal cues in regulating drinking: mouth dryness, cell fluid levels, and |
| | A) | heat regulation. |
| | B) | total blood volume. |
| | C) | psychological feedback. |
| | D) | homeostasis. |
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| 5 | |
After spending five hours doing research for a psychology paper, Hyun-Joo felt that she HAD to get up and take a walk. Hyun-Joo was exercising which psychological motive? |
| | A) | the need for affiliation |
| | B) | the need for achievement |
| | C) | the need for relaxation |
| | D) | the need for novel stimulation |
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| 6 | |
The idea that arousal is not only an important motivational concept, but is also linked to the efficiency of performance, is referred to as |
| | A) | the Yerkes-Dodson law. |
| | B) | optimal arousal theory. |
| | C) | the James-Lange theory. |
| | D) | Solomon's opponent-process theory. |
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| 7 | |
James did poorly on his psychology midterm. Consistent with Schachter's research, we would expect that after getting his exam back and seeing his low grade, James would |
| | A) | want to be alone. |
| | B) | hide in shame. |
| | C) | want to be with other people. |
| | D) | study harder. |
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| 8 | |
Chang-Ho loves to learn interesting and important new information. He enjoys challenging courses in which he learns useful ideas, and he is disappointed by easy courses in which he gets good grades but learns very little. Chang-Ho exhibits which element of motivation? |
| | A) | high performance-approach goals |
| | B) | high mastery goals |
| | C) | high performance-avoidance goals |
| | D) | low performance-avoidance goals |
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| 9 | |
Which theory of motivation helps us understand addiction? |
| | A) | the James-Lange theory |
| | B) | the Cannon-Bard theory |
| | C) | Solomon's opponent-process theory |
| | D) | Maslow's hierarchy of motives |
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| 10 | |
Zippy stopped responding to online surveys that only offered her entries in sweepstakes that she never won, and she continued responding to those that paid for her participation. Zippy's participation in online surveys demonstrates ________ motivation. |
| | A) | intrinsic |
| | B) | extrinsic |
| | C) | stimulus |
| | D) | achievement |
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| 11 | |
Whose theory would best explain why a starving peasant farmer is not interested in the political philosophies of rival governments? |
| | A) | Solomon's |
| | B) | Schachter's |
| | C) | Maslow's |
| | D) | Singer's |
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| 12 | |
Which phase of the sexual response cycle described by Masters and Johnson is not experienced by women? |
| | A) | excitement |
| | B) | plateau |
| | C) | orgasmic |
| | D) | refractory |
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| 13 | |
John and Mary have been married for five years. If they are typical of other Americans surveyed, in the past twelve months |
| | A) | John and Mary have both had sex with partners other than their spouse. |
| | B) | John is more likely than Mary to have had sex with someone other than his wife. |
| | C) | Mary is more likely than John to have had sex with someone other than her husband. |
| | D) | neither John nor Mary has had sex with anyone other than their spouse. |
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| 14 | |
Which couple is most likely to be having more sex and enjoying it more than the other couples? |
| | A) | Romeo and Juliet, who are meeting each other secretly because their parents won't let them marry each other. |
| | B) | Jessica and Hume, who have been in a committed marriage with each other for fifteen years. |
| | C) | Bob and Carol, who have been involved in an extra-marital affair with each other for fifteen years. |
| | D) | Ted and Alice, who have been dating each other for the past six months. |
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| 15 | |
In which way does the sexual motive resemble other primary motives? |
| | A) | hypothalamic control |
| | B) | survival |
| | C) | increases and decreases in arousal |
| | D) | the role of deprivation |
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| 16 | |
Most psychologists today believe that homosexuality results from |
| | A) | genetic factors only. |
| | B) | atypical levels of sex hormones during prenatal development. |
| | C) | primarily social learning experiences. |
| | D) | a combination of social learning experiences and biological factors. |
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| 17 | |
Which theory of emotion states that the key event in emotions is the interpretation of emotional stimuli from both outside and inside the body? |
| | A) | the James-Lange theory |
| | B) | the Cannon-Bard theory |
| | C) | the cognitive theory |
| | D) | the theory of Carroll Izard |
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| 18 | |
Cross-cultural studies of emotions suggest that |
| | A) | learning plays an important role in emotions. |
| | B) | emotions are inborn, not learned. |
| | C) | cultural learning influences the expression of emotions, but does not affect the interpretation of situations that create emotional reactions. |
| | D) | cultural learning influences the interpretation of situations that create emotional reactions, but does not have much effect on the expression of emotions. |
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| 19 | |
If Ahn fits the typical pattern of Asian American students in terms of what makes him happy, we would expect Ahn to be most happy when he is |
| | A) | alone and meditating in his room. |
| | B) | studying for the courses that will help him reach his career goals. |
| | C) | celebrating holidays with his family. |
| | D) | involved in social activities with his close friends. |
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| 20 | |
Sigmund Freud would suggest that the key to curbing violence is |
| | A) | ensuring that children receive sufficient love and support during their early years. |
| | B) | to block its expression through threat of punishment. |
| | C) | finding nonviolent ways to release aggressive energy. |
| | D) | learning to suppress our aggressive feelings. |
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| 21 | |
According to the Cognitive Theory of Aggression, which belief fosters war by justifying retaliation? |
| | A) | vulnerability |
| | B) | victims of injustice |
| | C) | helplessness |
| | D) | distrust |
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| 22 | |
According to Staub, which of the following parenting practices could be a risk factor for an adolescent to join a violent gang? |
| | A) | a laissez-faire attitude |
| | B) | harsh punishment |
| | C) | a strict moral code |
| | D) | failure to express emotions openly |
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| 23 | |
Which of the following is a suggested guideline for women to reduce the risk of being raped? |
| | A) | only date "nice guys" |
| | B) | only date men you know |
| | C) | communicate your wishes about sex clearly |
| | D) | do not bring up the topic of sex until it looks like it may become an issue |
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